António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (; 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military officer, author and conservative politician. During the Estado Novo regime he became one of Portugal's most senior military commanders, leading military operations against independence movements. After the Carnation Revolution, partially organised by under-ranked military captains, he was invited to be the first President of Portugal. His role in Portugal's transition to democracy was polemic and remains highly controversial, particularly regarding his role in leading the 11 March 1975 attempted coup as well as the anticommunist terrorist organisation ''Movimento Democrático de Libertação de Portugal'' (Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Portugal). He was noted for wearing a monocle on his right eye.
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António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (; 11 April 1910 – 13 August 1996) was a Portuguese military officer, author and conservative politician. During the Estado Novo regime he became one of Portugal's most senior military commanders, leading military operations against independence movements. After the Carnation Revolution, partially organised by under-ranked military captains, he was invited to be the first President of Portugal. His role in Portugal's transition to democracy was polemic and remains highly controversial, particularly regarding his role in leading the 11 March 1975 attempted coup as well as the anticommunist terrorist organisation ''Movimento Democrático de Libertação de Portugal'' (Democratic Movement for the Liberation of Portugal). He was noted for wearing a monocle on his right eye.
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