Ambient conditions prevailing during hail events in central Europe
Tallennettuna:
| Julkaisussa: | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences vol. 20, no. 6 (2020), p. 1867 |
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| Päätekijä: | |
| Muut tekijät: | , , , , |
| Julkaistu: |
Copernicus GmbH
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| Aiheet: | |
| Linkit: | Citation/Abstract Full Text Full Text - PDF |
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| 024 | 7 | |a 10.5194/nhess-20-1867-2020 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a 2418974077 | ||
| 045 | 2 | |b d20200101 |b d20201231 | |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kunz, Michael |u Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany; Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany | |
| 245 | 1 | |a Ambient conditions prevailing during hail events in central Europe | |
| 260 | |b Copernicus GmbH |c 2020 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a Around 26 000 severe convective storm tracks between 2005 and 2014 have been estimated from 2D radar reflectivity for parts of Europe, including Germany, France, Belgium, and Luxembourg. This event set was further combined with eyewitness reports, environmental conditions, and synoptic-scale fronts based on the ERA-Interim (ECMWF Reanalysis) reanalysis. Our analyses reveal that on average about a quarter of all severe thunderstorms in the investigation area were associated with a front. Over complex terrains, such as in southern Germany, the proportion of frontal convective storms is around 10 %–15 %, while over flat terrain half of the events require a front to trigger convection.Frontal storm tracks associated with hail on average produce larger hailstones and have a longer track. These events usually develop in a high-shear environment. Using composites of environmental conditions centered around the hailstorm tracks, we found that dynamical proxies such as deep-layer shear or storm-relative helicity become important when separating hail diameters and, in particular, their lengths; 0–3 km helicity as a dynamical proxy performs better compared to wind shear for the separation. In contrast, thermodynamical proxies such as the lifted index or lapse rate show only small differences between the different intensity classes. | |
| 651 | 4 | |a France | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Europe | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Switzerland | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Luxembourg | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Germany | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Belgium | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Central Europe | |
| 653 | |a Fronts | ||
| 653 | |a Hail | ||
| 653 | |a Cold | ||
| 653 | |a Thunderstorms | ||
| 653 | |a Convection | ||
| 653 | |a Hailstorms | ||
| 653 | |a Storm tracks | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental conditions | ||
| 653 | |a Wind shear | ||
| 653 | |a Hailstones | ||
| 653 | |a Helicity | ||
| 653 | |a Radar | ||
| 653 | |a Storms | ||
| 653 | |a Lapse rate | ||
| 653 | |a Severe thunderstorms | ||
| 653 | |a Reflectance | ||
| 653 | |a Studies | ||
| 653 | |a Convective storms | ||
| 653 | |a Radar reflectivity | ||
| 653 | |a Storm damage | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Wandel, Jan |u Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Fluck, Elody |u Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany; now at: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Baumstark, Sven |u Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany; now at: Heine + Jud, Stuttgart, Germany | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Mohr, Susanna |u Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany; Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Schemm, Sebastian |u Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |g vol. 20, no. 6 (2020), p. 1867 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Engineering Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/2418974077/abstract/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/2418974077/fulltext/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/2418974077/fulltextPDF/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch |