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A SARS CoV-2 nucleocapsid vaccine protects against distal viral dissemination

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Pubblicato in:bioRxiv (Apr 26, 2021), p. n/a
Autore principale: Class, Jacob
Altri autori: Dangi, Tanushree, Richner, Justin, Penaloza-Macmaster, Pablo
Pubblicazione:
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Soggetti:
Infections
COVID-19 vaccines
Public health
Morbidity
Lung diseases
Antigens
Combined vaccines
COVID-19
Advisors
Viral infections
Coronaviruses
Vaccines
Mental disorders
Pandemics
Nucleocapsids
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Abstract:The SARS CoV-2 pandemic has killed millions of people. This viral infection can also result in substantial morbidity, including respiratory insufficiency and neurological manifestations, such as loss of smell and psychiatric diseases. Most SARS CoV-2 vaccines are based on the spike antigen, and although they have shown extraordinary efficacy at preventing severe lung disease and death, they do not always confer sterilizing immune protection. We performed studies in K18-hACE2 mice to evaluate whether the efficacy of SARS CoV-2 vaccines could be augmented by incorporating nucleocapsid as a vaccine antigen. We vaccinated mice with adenovirus-based vaccines encoding spike antigen alone, nucleocapsid antigen alone, or combined spike and nucleocapsid antigens. Mice were then challenged intranasally with SARS CoV-2, and acute viral loads were quantified at a proximal site of infection (lung) and a distal site of infection (brain). Interestingly, the spike-based vaccine conferred acute protection in the lung, but not in the brain. The spike-based vaccine conferred acute protection in the brain only if combined with the nucleocapsid-based vaccine. These findings suggest that nucleocapsid-specific immunity is important for the distal control of SARS CoV-2, warranting the inclusion of nucleocapsid in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. Competing Interest Statement Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster reports being Task Force Advisor to the Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) on SARS CoV-2 vaccines. Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster is also advisor of the COVID-19 Vaccine Regulatory Science Consortium (CoVAXCEN) at Northwestern University Institute for Global Health
ISSN:2692-8205
DOI:10.1101/2021.04.26.440920
Fonte:Biological Science Database