A Novel CNN pooling layer for breast cancer segmentation and classification from thermograms

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Udgivet i:PLoS One vol. 17, no. 10 (Oct 2022), p. e0276523
Hovedforfatter: Mohamed, Esraa A
Andre forfattere: Gaber, Tarek, Karam, Omar, Rashed, Essam A
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Public Library of Science
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100 1 |a Mohamed, Esraa A 
245 1 |a A Novel CNN pooling layer for breast cancer segmentation and classification from thermograms 
260 |b Public Library of Science  |c Oct 2022 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer worldwide, following lung cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death and a major cause of cancer death among women. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied for the diagnosis of breast cancer using different imaging modalities. Pooling is a main data processing step in CNN that decreases the feature maps’ dimensionality without losing major patterns. However, the effect of pooling layer was not studied efficiently in literature. In this paper, we propose a novel design for the pooling layer called vector pooling block (VPB) for the CCN algorithm. The proposed VPB consists of two data pathways, which focus on extracting features along horizontal and vertical orientations. The VPB makes the CNNs able to collect both global and local features by including long and narrow pooling kernels, which is different from the traditional pooling layer, that gathers features from a fixed square kernel. Based on the novel VPB, we proposed a new pooling module called AVG-MAX VPB. It can collect informative features by using two types of pooling techniques, maximum and average pooling. The VPB and the AVG-MAX VPB are plugged into the backbone CNNs networks, such as U-Net, AlexNet, ResNet18 and GoogleNet, to show the advantages in segmentation and classification tasks associated with breast cancer diagnosis from thermograms. The proposed pooling layer was evaluated using a benchmark thermogram database (DMR-IR) and its results compared with U-Net results which was used as base results. The U-Net results were as follows: global accuracy = 96.6%, mean accuracy = 96.5%, mean IoU = 92.07%, and mean BF score = 78.34%. The VBP-based results were as follows: global accuracy = 98.3%, mean accuracy = 97.9%, mean IoU = 95.87%, and mean BF score = 88.68% while the AVG-MAX VPB-based results were as follows: global accuracy = 99.2%, mean accuracy = 98.97%, mean IoU = 98.03%, and mean BF score = 94.29%. Other network architectures also demonstrate superior improvement considering the use of VPB and AVG-MAX VPB. 
653 |a Feature extraction 
653 |a Accuracy 
653 |a Data processing 
653 |a Deep learning 
653 |a Classification 
653 |a Computer architecture 
653 |a Breast cancer 
653 |a Mammography 
653 |a Artificial neural networks 
653 |a Lung cancer 
653 |a Neural networks 
653 |a Horizontal orientation 
653 |a Diagnosis 
653 |a Vertical orientation 
653 |a Lung diseases 
653 |a COVID-19 
653 |a Machine learning 
653 |a Artificial intelligence 
653 |a Image segmentation 
653 |a Feature maps 
653 |a Algorithms 
653 |a Kernels 
653 |a Women 
653 |a Coronaviruses 
653 |a Medical diagnosis 
653 |a Social 
653 |a Environmental 
700 1 |a Gaber, Tarek 
700 1 |a Karam, Omar 
700 1 |a Rashed, Essam A 
773 0 |t PLoS One  |g vol. 17, no. 10 (Oct 2022), p. e0276523 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Health & Medical Collection 
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856 4 0 |3 Full Text  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/2727178381/fulltext/embedded/ZKJTFFSVAI7CB62C?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/2727178381/fulltextPDF/embedded/ZKJTFFSVAI7CB62C?source=fedsrch