Dental variation and biocultural affinities among prehistoric populations from the coastal valleys of Moquegua, Peru, and Azapa, Chile
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| Vydáno v: | ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (1997) |
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| On-line přístup: | Citation/Abstract Full Text - PDF |
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| Abstrakt: | Murra's (1972) ethnohistoric model of verticality states that highland, or altiplano, people of the Andes diversified their economic base by sending colonists to altitudinally stratified resource zones, resulting in an ethnic "archipelago" within the western flanks of South America. For more than a quarter century, this model has been the dominant theoretical framework used by archaeologists to explain the presence of altiplano artifacts recovered from the coastal valleys of Peru, and Chile. This research uses a bioarchaeological approach to evaluate verticality and other alternative models of zonal complementarity using 12 south central Andean populations from the Moquegua valley, Peru and Azapa valley, Chile. Predictions derived from these models are tested using genetically controlled dental traits and archaeological information. Comparative analysis of the 782 dentitions indicates that a considerable amount of variability existed in the discrete dental traits of prehistoric south central Andean populations. Dental frequencies for the Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 950-A. D. 1476) Moquegua valley Chiribaya and Azapa valley Cabuza samples from Azapa-6 and Azapa-71 are most like those reported for other sinodont populations of the New World and northeast Asia, whereas Archaic Period (8,000 B.C.-1,500 B.C.) populations from both valleys, and all other Formative (1,500 B.C.-A.D. 500) and Late Intermediate Period Azapa valley populations exhibit dental trait frequencies similar to those reported for sundadont populations of southeast Asia. These results suggest there were 2 demic expansions into South America. The Late Intermediate Period (A.D. 950-A.D. 1476) Chiribaya of the coastal Moquegua valley, Peru are genetically different from the founding Ilo Preceramic (7,000 B.C.-1,500 B.C.) population. The Chiribaya likely represent a middle valley population that migrated to the coast following the collapse of Tiwanaku's influence, supporting predictions made for the model of large-scale migration in response to political upheaval. In contrast, bioarchaeological evidence indicates genetic continuity among the prehistoric populations of Azapa valley, Chile. The rare appearance of altiplano artifacts in the Azapa valley is best explained by indirect trade as by proposed by Dillehay and Nunez's model of circuit mobility. It is concluded that Murra's model of verticality should be evaluated on a case by case basis. |
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| ISBN: | 9780591953725 |
| Zdroj: | ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global |