Analysis of spatial patellofemoral alignment using novel three-dimensional measurements based on weight-bearing cone-beam CT

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Foilsithe in:Insights into Imaging vol. 16, no. 1 (Dec 2025), p. 1
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Springer Nature B.V.
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001 3151017582
003 UK-CbPIL
022 |a 1869-4101 
024 7 |a 10.1186/s13244-024-01883-6  |2 doi 
035 |a 3151017582 
045 2 |b d20251201  |b d20251231 
084 |a 243131  |2 nlm 
245 1 |a Analysis of spatial patellofemoral alignment using novel three-dimensional measurements based on weight-bearing cone-beam CT 
260 |b Springer Nature B.V.  |c Dec 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a ObjectivesTo propose a reliable and standard 3D assessment method to analyze the effect of weight-bearing (WB) status on the location of patella and clarify the diagnostic performance of 3D parameters for recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) in WB and non-weight-bearing (NWB) conditions.MethodsSixty-five knees of RPD patients and 99 knees of controls were included. Eight landmarks, two lines and a coordinate system were defined on 3D bone models of knees based on weight-bearing CT and non-weight-bearing CT. The shift and tilt of patella in three orthogonal axes (Xshift, Yshift, Zshift, Xtilt, Ytilt, Ztilt) were evaluated.ResultsXshift and Yshift were significantly higher, Zshift, Xtilt and Ytilt were significantly lower in WB condition than NWB condition (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.010). In both WB and NWB conditions, Xshift, Yshift and Ztilt were significantly higher, and Xtilt was significantly lower in the RPD group than the control group (WB/NWB: p < 0.001/p = 0.002, p < 0.001/p = 0.001, p < 0.001/p < 0.001, p < 0.001/p = 0.009). In WB condition, Zshift and Ytilt were significantly higher in the RPD group than the control group (p = 0.011, p < 0.001). Ztilt had the best diagnostic performance for RPD in both WB and NWB conditions, with AUC of 0.887 (95% CI: 0.828, 0.946) and 0.885 (95% CI: 0.822, 0.947), respectively.ConclusionsThe 3D measurement method reliably and comprehensively reflected the relative spatial position relationship of the patellofemoral joint. It can be applied to the 3D preoperative planning of patellofemoral procedures. In addition, patellofemoral evaluation under the WB condition was essential to detect subtle underlying risk factors for RPD, with axial lateral patellar tilt being the best predictor.Critical relevance statementThis 3D measurement method under weight-bearing conditions contributes to comprehensively describing the relative spatial position of the patellofemoral joint in a standardized way and can be applied to preoperative evaluation for recurrent patellar dislocation.Key Points<list list-type="bullet"><list-item></list-item>Patellofemoral alignment is a 3D problem, and the accuracy of 2D parameters has been questioned.<list-item>3D measurement was reliable and comprehensively reflected relative spatial relationships of the patellofemoral joint.</list-item><list-item>3D measurements under weight-bearing condition help preoperative evaluation for RPD.</list-item> 
653 |a Measurement methods 
653 |a Position measurement 
653 |a Diagnostic systems 
653 |a Knee 
653 |a Alignment 
653 |a Three dimensional analysis 
653 |a Joints (anatomy) 
653 |a Patella 
653 |a Parameters 
653 |a Coordinates 
653 |a Dimensional measurement 
653 |a Methods 
653 |a Magnetic resonance imaging 
773 0 |t Insights into Imaging  |g vol. 16, no. 1 (Dec 2025), p. 1 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Health & Medical Collection 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3151017582/abstract/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3151017582/fulltextPDF/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch