Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Characterization and Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Frequency Selection

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Publicado en:Batteries vol. 11, no. 1 (2025), p. 11
Autor principal: Xiao, Yuechan
Otros Autores: Huang, Xinrong, Meng, Jinhao, Zhang, Yipu, Knap, Vaclav, Daniel-Ioan Stroe
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MDPI AG
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LEADER 00000nab a2200000uu 4500
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022 |a 2313-0105 
024 7 |a 10.3390/batteries11010011  |2 doi 
035 |a 3159408043 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
100 1 |a Xiao, Yuechan  |u School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018, China; <email>xiaoyuechan@chd.edu.cn</email> (Y.X.); <email>hxr@chd.edu.cn</email> (X.H.) 
245 1 |a Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy-Based Characterization and Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Frequency Selection 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Lithium-ion batteries are commonly employed in electric vehicles due to their efficient energy storage and conversion capabilities. Nevertheless, to ensure reliable and cost-effective operation, their internal states must be continuously monitored. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an effective tool for assessing the battery’s state. Different frequency ranges of EIS correspond to various electrochemical reaction processes. In this study, EIS measurements were conducted at seven temperatures, ranging from −20 °C to 10 °C, and across 21 states of charge (SOCs), spanning from 0% to 100%. A regression model was utilized to examine the unidirectional factorial characteristic impedance relative to temperature and SOC. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) table was created with temperature and SOC as independent variables and the impedance value as the dependent variable. These models accurately capture the behavior of lithium-ion batteries under different conditions. Based on this research, the battery electrochemical processes are better understood. This paper establishes a mathematical expression for a temperature–SOC-based impedance model at specific frequencies, i.e., 1 Hz, 20 Hz, and 3100 Hz. When comparing the models at these three frequencies, it was found that the model fitting accuracy is highest at 20 Hz, making it applicable across a wide range of temperatures and SOCs. Consequently, the accuracy of the impedance model can be enhanced at a specific frequency, simplifying the impedance model and facilitating the development of advanced battery state estimation methods. 
653 |a Accuracy 
653 |a Lithium-ion batteries 
653 |a Electric vehicles 
653 |a Electrochemical analysis 
653 |a Temperature dependence 
653 |a Electrodes 
653 |a Spectrum analysis 
653 |a Electric charge 
653 |a Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy 
653 |a Temperature 
653 |a Regression models 
653 |a State of charge 
653 |a State estimation 
653 |a Frequency ranges 
653 |a Batteries 
653 |a Independent variables 
653 |a Variance analysis 
653 |a Lithium 
653 |a Dependent variables 
700 1 |a Huang, Xinrong  |u School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018, China; <email>xiaoyuechan@chd.edu.cn</email> (Y.X.); <email>hxr@chd.edu.cn</email> (X.H.) 
700 1 |a Meng, Jinhao  |u School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; <email>jinhao@xjtu.edu.cn</email> 
700 1 |a Zhang, Yipu  |u School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710018, China; <email>xiaoyuechan@chd.edu.cn</email> (Y.X.); <email>hxr@chd.edu.cn</email> (X.H.) 
700 1 |a Knap, Vaclav  |u Department of Electrotechnology, Czech Technical University in Prague, 16627 Prague, Czech Republic; <email>vaclav.knap@cvut.cz</email> 
700 1 |a Daniel-Ioan Stroe  |u Department of Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark 
773 0 |t Batteries  |g vol. 11, no. 1 (2025), p. 11 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3159408043/abstract/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3159408043/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3159408043/fulltextPDF/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch