Postnatal cytomegalovirus infection and its effect on hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants aged 3–10 months: A cohort study in Eastern Uganda

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:	PLoS One vol. 20, no. 2 (Feb 2025), p. e0318655
Autor principal:	Noela Regina Akwi Okalany
Otros Autores:	David Mukunya Peter Olupot-Olupot, Ingunn Marie Stadskleiv Engebretsen
Publicado:	Public Library of Science
Materias:	Malawi Uganda Assessments Regression models Hearing loss Infants Regression analysis Statistical tests Saliva Sample size Hearing Acquired immune deficiency syndrome > AIDS Medical screening Midwifery Emissions testing Postpartum period Infections Public health Congenital diseases Neurodevelopmental disorders Urine Age Statistical analysis Guardians Chi-square test Ears & hearing Serology Statistical models Consent Malaria Cytomegalovirus Cohort analysis Data collection Global health Viral infections Breastfeeding & lactation Birth weight Mathematical models Babies Social
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Descripción
Resumen:	BackgroundHearing impairment and neurodevelopmental disorders pose a significant global health burden in children. The link between postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and these outcomes remains unclear. This study explored the association of postnatal CMV infection with hearing and neurodevelopmental outcomes in term infants aged 3 to 10 months.MethodsThis was a cohort sub-study within the BabyGel cluster randomised trial in Eastern Uganda. From 1265 term infants screened for CMV, 219 were negative at birth but positive at 3 months, and were age-matched with 219 CMV-negative controls. CMV status was determined by PCR screening of saliva samples, with positive results confirmed using urine samples (Chai Open qPCR, Santa Clara, CA). From the established cohort, 424 infants were successfully followed up between 3 to 10 months of age. Clinical assessments included neurodevelopmental evaluation using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool, the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination, and hearing screening using Otoacoustic Emission testing (Otoport Lite, Otodynamics Limited). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and log binomial regression models with Stata 18.ResultsOf the 424 infants included in the study, 206 were postnatal CMV-infected and 218 were uninfected. Neurodevelopmental assessments indicated no differences between postnatal CMV-infected infants and uninfected groups (ARR 0.88, 95% CI [0.67, 1.15], p = 0.346). Hearing screening revealed a 1.99-fold increased risk of a positive result for postnatal CMV-infected infants compared to uninfected infants (67/106 vs. 39/106, 95% CI [1.27, 3.12], p = 0.003).ConclusionPostnatal CMV infection was associated with more positive hearing screenings, though no significant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes were observed in early infancy. Exploration into the feasibility of incorporating hearing and CMV screening into routine care will play a vital role in early identification and intervention, improving the management of both hearing and CMV-related conditions in resource-limited settings.
ISSN:	1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0318655
Fuente:	Health & Medical Collection