Establishing reproductive seasons for the conservation of the critically endangered Kashmir red deer Cervus Hanglu

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Izdano u:Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group) vol. 15, no. 1 (2025), p. 4955
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022 |a 2045-2322 
024 7 |a 10.1038/s41598-025-89244-1  |2 doi 
035 |a 3165246641 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
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245 1 |a Establishing reproductive seasons for the conservation of the critically endangered Kashmir red deer <i>Cervus Hanglu</i> 
260 |b Nature Publishing Group  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Ungulates living in seasonal environments adopt complex life history strategies to cope with pronounced temporal and spatial variability in environmental conditions and resource availability. Understanding the reproductive strategies of slow-breeding mountain ungulates and the associated stress, particularly in the context of human- and climate-induced changes, is crucial to devising effective long-term management and conservation strategies. We investigated the patterns in reproductive seasonality and stress in hangul in Kashmir Himalaya, India. We used fecal metabolites of estradiol (FEMs), progesterone (FPMs), testosterone (FAMs), and glucocorticoids (FGMs) to discern reproductive stages and stress levels. We showed that female hangul exhibited dispersed mating and birth patterns, while males experienced a more synchronized rutting season from October to December. Elevated FPM levels in females from January to March suggested pregnancies, with low levels in April indicating parturition. Both females and males exhibited a mating-related rise in FGM levels (interpreted as stress hereafter). Females also showed parturition-related stress in April and May. The spike in stress levels of both sexes in May is probably due to the disturbances from migratory livestock herders’ movements which needs further investigation. The study generates a baseline for captive breeding programs in the future. It suggests minimizing the anthropogenic disturbances during the times of mating and parturition, both being critical for the population growth of this critically endangered species. 
653 |a Endangered species 
653 |a Parturition 
653 |a Resource availability 
653 |a Environmental conditions 
653 |a Life history 
653 |a Climate change 
653 |a Seasonal variations 
653 |a Anthropogenic factors 
653 |a Wildlife conservation 
653 |a Population growth 
653 |a Ungulates 
653 |a Mating 
653 |a Endangered & extinct species 
653 |a Livestock 
653 |a Testosterone 
653 |a Females 
653 |a Progesterone 
653 |a 17β-Estradiol 
653 |a Population studies 
653 |a Conservation 
653 |a Captive breeding 
653 |a Animal reproduction 
653 |a Environmental 
773 0 |t Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group)  |g vol. 15, no. 1 (2025), p. 4955 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165246641/abstract/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165246641/fulltextPDF/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch