MARC

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001 3165259686
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022 |a 0003-9888 
022 |a 1468-2044 
024 7 |a 10.1136/archdischild-2024-327963  |2 doi 
035 |a 3165259686 
045 2 |b d20250201  |b d20250228 
084 |a 270345  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Black, Michelle  |u Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 
245 1 |a Impact of child socioemotional and cognitive development on exam results in adolescence: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study 
260 |b BMJ Publishing Group LTD  |c Feb 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a BackgroundCognitive ability and socioemotional behaviour during childhood have independently been shown to impact educational outcomes. The extent to which their co-development predicts these outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to assess associations between concurrent cognitive and socioemotional development trajectories in childhood and exam results at age 16 years.Data and methodWe analysed longitudinal data on 9084 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Exposure trajectories of cognitive and socioemotional development from age 3 to 14 years were characterised using group-based multi-trajectory models. We used logistic regression to assess associations between these development trajectories and exam attainment, measured by passing five or more GCSE subjects at age 16, adjusting for confounders. Population-attributable fractions were calculated to quantify the contribution of cognitive and socioemotional problems to poor educational outcomes.ResultsCompared with the ‘no problem’ trajectory group, the odds of not achieving a standard pass in GCSE was 2.5 times higher for the ‘late socioemotional problems’ trajectory group (adjusted OR 2.5, 95% CI 2.1 to 3.1) and four times higher for the ‘early cognitive and socioemotional problems’ trajectory group (adjusted OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.4 to 5.3). The OR was highest for the trajectory group with persistent cognitive and socioemotional problems (adjusted OR 4.4, 95% CI 3.3 to 5.8). Approximately 17% of poor exam results in adolescence were attributable to cognitive and socioemotional behaviour problems in childhood (adjusted population-attributable fraction 17%, 95% CI 15% to 19%).ConclusionIn a representative UK cohort, adverse development of cognitive and socioemotional behaviour in childhood was associated with a negative impact on exam results in adolescence, more so when the adverse development co-occurs or clusters early or persistently. Cross sector health and education policy that invests in reducing cognitive and socioemotional behaviour problems in children has the potential to improve educational outcomes in adolescence. 
651 4 |a United Kingdom--UK 
651 4 |a England 
653 |a Regression analysis 
653 |a Secondary education 
653 |a Children 
653 |a Cognitive development 
653 |a Cognitive ability 
653 |a Social behavior 
653 |a Adolescents 
653 |a Skill development 
653 |a Children & youth 
653 |a Child development 
653 |a Socioeconomic factors 
653 |a Age 
653 |a Educational attainment 
653 |a Adolescence 
653 |a Longitudinal studies 
653 |a Cohort analysis 
653 |a Well being 
653 |a Intellectual development 
653 |a Meals 
653 |a Education policy 
653 |a Childhood 
653 |a Teenagers 
653 |a Family Structure 
653 |a Reference Groups 
653 |a Educational Objectives 
653 |a Emotional Problems 
653 |a Mental Disorders 
653 |a Developmental Stages 
653 |a Social 
653 |a Child Health 
653 |a Sampling 
653 |a Parent Participation 
653 |a Mathematics Education 
653 |a Free Schools 
653 |a Parent School Relationship 
653 |a School Policy 
653 |a Ethnic Groups 
653 |a Adolescent Development 
653 |a Health Behavior 
653 |a Outcomes of Education 
653 |a Behavior Problems 
700 1 |a Akanni, Lateef  |u Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 
700 1 |a Adjei, Nicholas Kofi  |u Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 
700 1 |a Melendez-Torres, G J  |u University of Exeter, Exeter, UK 
700 1 |a Hargreaves, Dougal  |u Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK 
700 1 |a Taylor-Robinson, David  |u Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK 
773 0 |t Archives of Disease in Childhood  |g (Feb 2025), p. archdischild-2024-327963 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165259686/abstract/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165259686/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165259686/fulltextPDF/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch