A Qualitative Exploration of a User-Centered Model for Smartwatch Comfort Using Grounded Theory

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Publicat a:International Journal of Human - Computer Interaction vol. 41, no. 2 (Jan 2025), p. 1091
Autor principal: Xu, Liang
Altres autors: Pan, Cheng, Xu, Bingfei, Sun, Zaoyi, Zhou, Keyuan, Yan, Rui, Weng, Kaijian, Wu, Yingchao, Li, Hongting
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Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
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022 |a 1044-7318 
024 7 |a 10.1080/10447318.2024.2313273  |2 doi 
035 |a 3165263093 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20250131 
084 |a 66286  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Xu, Liang  |u Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China 
245 1 |a A Qualitative Exploration of a User-Centered Model for Smartwatch Comfort Using Grounded Theory 
260 |b Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.  |c Jan 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Smartwatch comfort is a fundamental factor that significantly influences the user experience and provides crucial guidance for the evolution of wearable technology. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive theoretical model to describe the dimensions of smartwatch comfort and their corresponding influencing factors. Therefore, the present study employed a bottom-up grounded theory approach to construct a user-centered model for smartwatch comfort. Through the coding of in-depth interviews with 64 smartwatch users, we discovered that smartwatch comfort encompasses both physiological dimensions (e.g., pressure and foreign body sensation) and psychological dimensions (e.g., perceived intelligence and satisfaction of needs). Furthermore, the features of smartwatches, including physical attributes (e.g., size and material) and functionalities (e.g., interoperability and automation capabilities), directly impact the comfort experience. Additionally, individual and contextual factors can explain variations in the comfort experience of smartwatches. Users with different physiological characteristics (e.g., wrist size and body sensitivity) and psychological needs (e.g., utilitarian or hedonic needs) are influenced differently by the factors of smartwatches that affect their comfort experience. The adaptability of smartwatches across different contexts (including task context, social context, and temporal context) is also a significant influencing factor on comfort. This substantive grounded theory provides crucial guidance for the selection of core variables in future quantitative research and contributes to the development of smarter, more comfortable, and user-centric smartwatches. 
653 |a Physiology 
653 |a Wearable technology 
653 |a Wearable computers 
653 |a User experience 
653 |a Physiological effects 
653 |a Smartwatches 
653 |a Context 
653 |a Comfort 
653 |a Grounded theory 
653 |a Wrist 
653 |a Smart devices 
653 |a Psychological needs 
653 |a Automation 
653 |a Quantitative analysis 
653 |a Experience 
653 |a Theory 
653 |a Anatomical systems 
653 |a Intelligence 
653 |a Social environment 
653 |a Body size 
653 |a Satisfaction 
700 1 |a Pan, Cheng  |u Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China 
700 1 |a Xu, Bingfei  |u Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China 
700 1 |a Sun, Zaoyi  |u Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China 
700 1 |a Zhou, Keyuan  |u OPPO Guangdong Mobile Telecommunications Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China 
700 1 |a Yan, Rui  |u OPPO Guangdong Mobile Telecommunications Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China 
700 1 |a Weng, Kaijian  |u OPPO Guangdong Mobile Telecommunications Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China 
700 1 |a Wu, Yingchao  |u OPPO Guangdong Mobile Telecommunications Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, P.R. China 
700 1 |a Li, Hongting  |u Department of Psychology, College of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, P.R. China 
773 0 |t International Journal of Human - Computer Interaction  |g vol. 41, no. 2 (Jan 2025), p. 1091 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t ABI/INFORM Global 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3165263093/abstract/embedded/J7RWLIQ9I3C9JK51?source=fedsrch