The real challenges for climate and weather modelling on its way to sustained exascale performance: a case study using ICON (v2.6.6)
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| 发表在: | Geoscientific Model Development vol. 18, no. 4 (2025), p. 905 |
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Copernicus GmbH
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| 在线阅读: | Citation/Abstract Full Text Full Text - PDF |
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| 045 | 2 | |b d20250101 |b d20251231 | |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Adamidis, Panagiotis |u Application Support, German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ), Bundesstraße 45a, 20146 Hamburg, Germany | |
| 245 | 1 | |a The real challenges for climate and weather modelling on its way to sustained exascale performance: a case study using ICON (v2.6.6) | |
| 260 | |b Copernicus GmbH |c 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Case Study Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a The weather and climate model ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) is being used in high-resolution climate simulations, in order to resolve small-scale physical processes. The envisaged performance for this task is 1 simulated year per day for a coupled atmosphere–ocean setup at global 1.2 km resolution. The necessary computing power for such simulations can only be found on exascale supercomputing systems. The main question we try to answer in this article is where to find sustained exascale performance, i.e. which hardware (processor type) is best suited for the weather and climate model ICON, and consequently how this performance can be exploited by the model, i.e. what changes are required in ICON's software design so as to utilize exascale platforms efficiently. To this end, we present an overview of the available hardware technologies and a quantitative analysis of the key performance indicators of the ICON model on several architectures. It becomes clear that parallelization based on the decomposition of the spatial domain has reached the scaling limits, leading us to conclude that the performance of a single node is crucial to achieve both better performance and better energy efficiency. Furthermore, based on the computational intensity of the examined kernels of the model it is shown that architectures with higher memory throughput are better suited than those with high computational peak performance. From a software engineering perspective, a redesign of ICON from a monolithic to a modular approach is required to address the complexity caused by hardware heterogeneity and new programming models to make ICON suitable for running on such machines. | |
| 653 | |a Modular engineering | ||
| 653 | |a Software | ||
| 653 | |a Hardware | ||
| 653 | |a Microprocessors | ||
| 653 | |a Bandwidths | ||
| 653 | |a Weather | ||
| 653 | |a Redesign | ||
| 653 | |a Energy efficiency | ||
| 653 | |a Computer applications | ||
| 653 | |a Workloads | ||
| 653 | |a Energy consumption | ||
| 653 | |a High performance computing | ||
| 653 | |a Heterogeneity | ||
| 653 | |a Quantitative analysis | ||
| 653 | |a Programming languages | ||
| 653 | |a Spatial memory | ||
| 653 | |a Climate models | ||
| 653 | |a Climate and weather | ||
| 653 | |a Climate | ||
| 653 | |a Climate science | ||
| 653 | |a Array processors | ||
| 653 | |a Design engineering | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Pfister, Erik |u Application Support, German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ), Bundesstraße 45a, 20146 Hamburg, Germany | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bockelmann, Hendryk |u Application Support, German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ), Bundesstraße 45a, 20146 Hamburg, Germany | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zobel, Dominik |u Application Support, German Climate Computing Centre (DKRZ), Bundesstraße 45a, 20146 Hamburg, Germany | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jens-Olaf Beismann |u NEC Deutschland GmbH, Fritz-Vomfelde-Straße 14, 40547 Düsseldorf, Germany | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Jacob, Marek |u Research and Development, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Frankfurter Straße 135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Geoscientific Model Development |g vol. 18, no. 4 (2025), p. 905 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Engineering Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3167797880/abstract/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3167797880/fulltext/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3167797880/fulltextPDF/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch |