Spatial–Temporal Changes in Air Pollutants in Four Provinces of Sumatra Island, Indonesia: Insights from Sentinel-5P Satellite Imagery
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| Izdano u: | Urban Science vol. 9, no. 2 (2025), p. 42 |
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| Daljnji autori: | , , , , , |
| Izdano: |
MDPI AG
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| Teme: | |
| Online pristup: | Citation/Abstract Full Text + Graphics Full Text - PDF |
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| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/urbansci9020042 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a 3171236945 | ||
| 045 | 2 | |b d20250101 |b d20251231 | |
| 100 | 1 | |a Hanami, Zarah Arwieny |u Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Gowa 92171, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; <email>zaraharwienyhanami@unhas.ac.id</email> (Z.A.H.); <email>muraliahustim@ft.unhas.ac.id</email> (M.H.) | |
| 245 | 1 | |a Spatial–Temporal Changes in Air Pollutants in Four Provinces of Sumatra Island, Indonesia: Insights from Sentinel-5P Satellite Imagery | |
| 260 | |b MDPI AG |c 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a This study examined spatial–temporal variations in air pollutant levels across four provinces on Sumatra Island, Indonesia, utilizing data from the Sentinel-5P satellite equipped with TROPOMI and MODIS aboard NASA’s Terra and Aqua satellites from 2019 to 2021. Sentinel-5P data, with a spatial resolution of 3.5 × 5.5 km2 and near-daily temporal coverage, were used to analyze the nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Jambi, and Riau—regions selected for their distinct industrial, agricultural, and urban characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate seasonal trends, regional differences, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on air pollution, aiming to provide insights for improved air quality management and policy development. The satellite data were validated using zonal statistics to ensure consistency and reliability. The findings revealed significant seasonal fluctuations in pollution, with elevated levels during the dry season, primarily due to land clearing and forest fires. Urban and industrial areas such as Medan, Pekanbaru, Jambi, and Padang consistently exhibited high levels of NO2, primarily due to vehicular and industrial emissions. The regions affected by biomass burning and agriculture, particularly Jambi and Riau, displayed notably higher CO and AOD levels during the dry season. The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to observe potential improvements in air quality, with significant reductions in NO2, CO, and AOD levels during the 2020 lockdowns. The NO2 levels in urban centers decreased by over 20%, while the reductions in CO and AOD reached up to 29% and 64%, respectively, reflecting diminished human activities and biomass burning. This study underscores the need for enhanced air quality monitoring and targeted management strategies in Sumatra, Indonesia. Future research should aim to improve the resolution and validation of data with ground-based measurements and broaden the number of pollutants studied to better understand air quality dynamics and support effective policy development. | |
| 610 | 4 | |a National Aeronautics & Space Administration--NASA European Space Agency--ESA | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Indonesia | |
| 651 | 4 | |a West Sumatra Indonesia | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Sumatra | |
| 653 | |a Provinces | ||
| 653 | |a Quality management | ||
| 653 | |a Nitrogen dioxide | ||
| 653 | |a Reliability | ||
| 653 | |a Satellites | ||
| 653 | |a Carbon monoxide | ||
| 653 | |a Population density | ||
| 653 | |a Air pollution | ||
| 653 | |a Policy making | ||
| 653 | |a Data quality | ||
| 653 | |a Air quality | ||
| 653 | |a Clearing of land | ||
| 653 | |a COVID-19 | ||
| 653 | |a Factories | ||
| 653 | |a Urban areas | ||
| 653 | |a Pandemics | ||
| 653 | |a Fire prevention | ||
| 653 | |a Spatial analysis | ||
| 653 | |a Imagery | ||
| 653 | |a Regional differences | ||
| 653 | |a Space technology | ||
| 653 | |a Pollutants | ||
| 653 | |a Accuracy | ||
| 653 | |a Trends | ||
| 653 | |a Emissions | ||
| 653 | |a Islands | ||
| 653 | |a Management development programmes | ||
| 653 | |a Outdoor air quality | ||
| 653 | |a Agriculture | ||
| 653 | |a Development policy | ||
| 653 | |a Forest & brush fires | ||
| 653 | |a Peatlands | ||
| 653 | |a Statistics | ||
| 653 | |a Dry season | ||
| 653 | |a Regions | ||
| 653 | |a Agricultural research | ||
| 653 | |a Agricultural development | ||
| 653 | |a Time | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Amin, Muhammad |u Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hustim, Muralia |u Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin, Gowa 92171, South Sulawesi, Indonesia; <email>zaraharwienyhanami@unhas.ac.id</email> (Z.A.H.); <email>muraliahustim@ft.unhas.ac.id</email> (M.H.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rahmi Mulia Putri |u Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan<email>torabi@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp</email> (S.E.T.); <email>andiannisatr@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp</email> (A.A.T.R.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Torabi, Sayed Esmatullah |u Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan<email>torabi@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp</email> (S.E.T.); <email>andiannisatr@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp</email> (A.A.T.R.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Andi Annisa Tenri Ramadhani |u Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Ishikawa, Japan<email>torabi@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp</email> (S.E.T.); <email>andiannisatr@stu.kanazawa-u.ac.jp</email> (A.A.T.R.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Suryati, Isra |u Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Padang 25175, West Sumatra, Indonesia | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Urban Science |g vol. 9, no. 2 (2025), p. 42 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Publicly Available Content Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171236945/abstract/embedded/H09TXR3UUZB2ISDL?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text + Graphics |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171236945/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/H09TXR3UUZB2ISDL?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3171236945/fulltextPDF/embedded/H09TXR3UUZB2ISDL?source=fedsrch |