Role of TLRs as signaling cascades to combat infectious diseases: a review
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| Izdano u: | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences vol. 82, no. 1 (Dec 2025), p. 122 |
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| Izdano: |
Springer Nature B.V.
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| Teme: | |
| Online pristup: | Citation/Abstract Full Text - PDF |
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| Sažetak: | Investigating innate immunity and its signaling transduction is essential to understand inflammation and host defence mechanisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), an evolutionarily ancient group of pattern recognition receptors, are crucial for detecting microbial components and initiating immune responses. This review summarizes the mechanisms and outcomes of TLR-mediated signaling, focusing on motifs shared with other immunological pathways, which enhances our understanding of the innate immune system. TLRs recognize molecular patterns in microbial invaders, activate innate immunity and promote antigen-specific adaptive immunity, and each of them triggers unique downstream signaling patterns. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of supramolecular organizing centers (SMOCs) in TLR signaling, ensuring precise cellular responses and pathogen detection. Furthermore, this review illuminates how TLR pathways coordinate metabolism and gene regulation, contributing to adaptive immunity and providing novel insights for next-generation therapeutic strategies. Ongoing studies hold promise for novel treatments against infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, and cancers. |
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| ISSN: | 1420-682X 1420-9071 0014-4754 |
| Digitalni identifikator objekta: | 10.1007/s00018-025-05631-x |
| Izvor: | Health & Medical Collection |