Obálka

Design, Fabrication, and Application of Large-Area Flexible Pressure and Strain Sensor Arrays: A Review

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Vydáno v:Micromachines vol. 16, no. 3 (2025), p. 330
Hlavní autor: Zhang, Xikuan
Další autoři: Chai, Jin, Zhan, Yongfu, Cui, Danfeng, Wang, Xin, Gao, Libo
Vydáno:
MDPI AG
Témata:
Flexible components
Mechanical properties
Data processing
Electrodes
Protective coatings
Edge computing
Mass production
Structural design
Research & development > R&D
Three dimensional printing
Machine learning
Fabrication
Laser etching
Robotics
Real time operation
Production lines
Sensors
Screen printing
Magnetron sputtering
Flexibility
Effectiveness
3-D printers
Sensor arrays
Fingers
Medical equipment
Algorithms
Physical properties
Stability
Arrays
Complexity
Tactile sensors (robotics)
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Abstrakt:The rapid development of flexible sensor technology has made flexible sensor arrays a key research area in various applications due to their exceptional flexibility, wearability, and large-area-sensing capabilities. These arrays can precisely monitor physical parameters like pressure and strain in complex environments, making them highly beneficial for sectors such as smart wearables, robotic tactile sensing, health monitoring, and flexible electronics. This paper reviews the fabrication processes, operational principles, and common materials used in flexible sensors, explores the application of different materials, and outlines two conventional preparation methods. It also presents real-world examples of large-area pressure and strain sensor arrays. Fabrication techniques include 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, magnetron sputtering, and molding, each influencing sensor performance in different ways. Flexible sensors typically operate based on resistive and capacitive mechanisms, with their structural designs (e.g., sandwich and fork-finger) affecting integration, recovery, and processing complexity. The careful selection of materials—especially substrates, electrodes, and sensing materials—is crucial for sensor efficacy. Despite significant progress in design and application, challenges remain, particularly in mass production, wireless integration, real-time data processing, and long-term stability. To improve mass production feasibility, optimizing fabrication processes, reducing material costs, and incorporating automated production lines are essential for scalability and defect reduction. For wireless integration, enhancing energy efficiency through low-power communication protocols and addressing signal interference and stability are critical for seamless operation. Real-time data processing requires innovative solutions such as edge computing and machine learning algorithms, ensuring low-latency, high-accuracy data interpretation while preserving the flexibility of sensor arrays. Finally, ensuring long-term stability and environmental adaptability demands new materials and protective coatings to withstand harsh conditions. Ongoing research and development are crucial to overcoming these challenges, ensuring that flexible sensor arrays meet the needs of diverse applications while remaining cost-effective and reliable.
ISSN:2072-666X
DOI:10.3390/mi16030330
Zdroj:Engineering Database