Image-based and textbook-based virtual reality training on operational skills among junior residents: a proof of concept study

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Publicado en:BMC Medical Education vol. 25 (2025), p. 1
Autor principal: Wan-Ni, Lin
Otros Autores: Hai-Hua Chuang, Yi-Ping, Chao, Li-Jen, Hsin, Chung-Jan, Kang, Tuan-Jen, Fang, Hsueh-Yu, Li, Li-Ang, Lee
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Springer Nature B.V.
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022 |a 1472-6920 
024 7 |a 10.1186/s12909-025-07245-0  |2 doi 
035 |a 3201524637 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 58506  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Wan-Ni, Lin 
245 1 |a Image-based and textbook-based virtual reality training on operational skills among junior residents: a proof of concept study 
260 |b Springer Nature B.V.  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a BackgroundOperational training is a key component of resident education. Recently, innovative virtual reality (VR) training methods have been introduced to enhance training efficiency. Image-based VR (IBVR), which incorporates cognitive load, is theorized to improve task performance. However, the impact of IBVR on learning outcomes requires further investigation. This study aims to assess the efficacy of IBVR compared to textbook-based VR (TBVR) in teaching operational skills to junior residents.MethodsIn a prospective cross-over pilot study, ten volunteers were randomly assigned to either the IBVR-TBVR or TBVR-IBVR group. Participants engaged in four learning sessions using either IBVR or TBVR modules during the first phase. Performance was assessed using quizzes, and Milestone/Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) ratings on real patients. After one month, participants switched to the alternate VR module for further training. Cognitive load and stress were assessed during each session through questionnaires and heart rate variability (HRV). At the end of the study, learning satisfaction, experience, and overall effectiveness were evaluated using a global satisfaction scale, the AttrakDiff2 questionnaire, and group interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic analysis framework.ResultsThe IBVR module yielded significantly better Milestone (p = 0.04), and DOPS (p < 0.01) scores compared to TBVR. There were no significant differences in knowledge gain, cognitive load, or HRV between the two modules. TBVR was favored in terms of global satisfaction (p = 0.03), hedonic stimulation (p = 0.01), and hedonic identification (p = 0.03), whereas IBVR was perceived as a more immersive and enriching experience. The majority (70%) of participants reported a positive experience with IBVR, while 50% expressed positive feedback regarding TBVR. Thematic analysis identified two key themes: usability of instructional content and ease of engagement.ConclusionAlthough TBVR yielded higher learner satisfaction and hedonic appeal, IBVR resulted in greater improvements in operational performance and was positively received by most participants. This proof-of-concept study highlights the complementary strengths of both VR approaches and calls for further research to validate these preliminary findings and inform the design of effective VR-based surgical education strategies.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT03501641; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03501641; date of registration: April 18, 2018. 
653 |a Robotic surgery 
653 |a Cognitive style 
653 |a Virtual reality 
653 |a Otolaryngology 
653 |a Computer Simulation 
653 |a Competence 
653 |a Questionnaires 
653 |a Environment 
653 |a Self Efficacy 
653 |a Influence of Technology 
653 |a Medical Education 
653 |a Learning Experience 
653 |a Multimedia Materials 
653 |a Instructional Materials 
653 |a Textbooks 
653 |a Surgery 
653 |a Training Methods 
653 |a Instructional Design 
653 |a Pregnancy 
653 |a Evaluators 
653 |a Outcomes of Education 
653 |a Educational Experience 
653 |a Course Content 
653 |a Cognitive Ability 
653 |a Learner Engagement 
653 |a Stress Management 
653 |a Participant Satisfaction 
653 |a Medical Care Evaluation 
700 1 |a Hai-Hua Chuang 
700 1 |a Yi-Ping, Chao 
700 1 |a Li-Jen, Hsin 
700 1 |a Chung-Jan, Kang 
700 1 |a Tuan-Jen, Fang 
700 1 |a Hsueh-Yu, Li 
700 1 |a Li-Ang, Lee 
773 0 |t BMC Medical Education  |g vol. 25 (2025), p. 1 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Healthcare Administration Database 
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