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Perceptual-Preference-Based Touring Routes in Xishu Gardens Using Panoramic Digital-Twin Modeling

Gorde:
Argitaratua izan da:Land vol. 14, no. 5 (2025), p. 932
Egile nagusia: Gong Xueqian
Beste egile batzuk: Zhu Zhanyuan, Guo, Li, Zhong, Yong, Zhang Deshun, Li, Jing, Yao Manqin, Wei, Yong, Li Mengjia, Huang, Yujie
Argitaratua:
MDPI AG
Gaiak:
Emotions
Algorithms
Historic sites
Spatiotemporal data
Clustering
Decision making
Dwell time
Digital twins
Perception
Layouts
Trajectory analysis
Free form
Aesthetics
Tourism
Waterfronts
Gardens & gardening
Cognition & reasoning
Cultural heritage
Data points
Gardens
Sarrera elektronikoa:Citation/Abstract
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Laburpena:Xishu Gardens, an exemplary narrative of classical Chinese gardens, faces challenges in preserving its commemorative spatial structures while accommodating modern visitors’ needs. While trajectory analysis is critical, existing studies struggle to interpret multi-dimensional perception-preference data owing to spatiotemporal mismatches in multi-source datasets. This study adopted an improved Ward–K-medoids hybrid clustering algorithm to analyze 885 trajectory samples and 34,384 synchronized data points capturing emotional valence, cognitive evaluations, and dwell time behaviors via panoramic digital twins across three heritage sites (Du Fu Thatched Cottage, San Su Shrine, and Wangjiang Tower Park). Our key findings include the following: (1) Axial bimodal patterns: Type I high-frequency looping paths (27.6–68.9% recurrence) drive deep exploration, in contrast to Type II linear routes (≤0.5% recurrence), which enable intensive node coverage. (2) Layout-perception dynamics: single-axis layouts maximize behavioral engagement (DFTC), free-form designs achieve optimal emotional-cognitive integration (WTP), and multi-axis systems amplify emotional-cognitive fluctuations (SSS). (3) Spatial preference hierarchy: entrance and waterfront zones demonstrate dwell times 20% longer than site averages. Accordingly, the proposed model synchronizes Type II peak-hour throughput with Type I off-peak experiential depth using dynamic path allocation algorithms. This study underscores the strong spatial guidance mechanisms of Xishu Gardens, supporting tourism management and heritage conservation.
ISSN:2073-445X
DOI:10.3390/land14050932
Baliabidea:Publicly Available Content Database