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Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Heat-Activated Termite Mound Composite for Adsorption of Basic Blue 41 Dye from Textile Wastewater: Characterization and Box–Behnken Optimization

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Publicado en:Separations vol. 12, no. 5 (2025), p. 117
Autor principal: Amare, Melaku
Otros Autores: Esayas, Alemayehu, Abebe, Worku, Lennartz Bernd
Publicado:
MDPI AG
Materias:
United States > US
Ethiopia
Japan
Aqueous solutions
Pollutants
Iron oxides
Basic oxides
Adsorbents
Magnetic properties
Dyes
Equilibrium
Adsorption
Water sampling
Efficiency
Water
Heat
Wastewater
Functional groups
Termites
Effluents
Synthesis
Scanning electron microscopy
Sorption
CI Basic Blue 41
Textile industry
Optimization
Acceso en línea:Citation/Abstract
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Resumen:The discharge of textile effluents containing dyes poses severe environmental risks. This study aimed to develop a <inline-formula>magnetic&#xa0;iron&#xa0;oxide</inline-formula>–HTM (magnetite–heat-activated termite mound) composite via the coprecipitation method for the adsorption of Basic Blue 41 (BB41) dye from textile wastewater under batch conditions. The <inline-formula>magnetic&#xa0;iron&#xa0;oxide</inline-formula>–HTM composite was characterized using BET (surface area), XRD (crystalline structure), FTIR (functional groups), and SEM (microstructure) analyses, confirming the successful synthesis of <inline-formula>magnetic&#xa0;iron&#xa0;oxide</inline-formula>–HTM. Comprising 80% HTM by mass, the composite demonstrates economic viability. Using batch experiments and a Box–Behnken design, the adsorption performance of <inline-formula>magnetic&#xa0;iron&#xa0;oxide</inline-formula>–HTM for BB41 dye removal from aqueous solutions was evaluated. Optimization of the sorption process revealed that a dosage of 2.6 g/L, a contact time of 47.5 min, a temperature of 60 °C, and an initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L resulted in a BB41 dye removal efficiency of 98%. Additionally, <inline-formula>magnetic</inline-formula>–HTM effectively removed BB41 dye from real wastewater samples, achieving a removal efficiency exceeding 80%, highlighting the improved sorption properties of the modified termite mound. The spent <inline-formula>magnetic</inline-formula>–HTM was easily separated from the treated solution using an external magnet and successfully recovered. Its reusability demonstrated a dye removal efficiency of 78% after four cycles, without compromising its magnetic properties. Overall, the magnetically separable <inline-formula>magnetic&#xa0;iron&#xa0;oxide</inline-formula>–HTM composite shows significant potential for the treatment of textile wastewater.
ISSN:2297-8739
2227-9075
DOI:10.3390/separations12050117
Fuente:Materials Science Database