Influence of Microclimatic Variations on Morphological Traits of Ferns in Urban Forests of Central Veracruz, Mexico

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Veröffentlicht in:Plants vol. 14, no. 11 (2025), p. 1732
1. Verfasser: Landeros-López, Jessica G
Weitere Verfasser: Krömer Thorsten, Gómez-Díaz, Jorge A, Velázquez-Rosas Noé, Carvajal-Hernández, César I
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100 1 |a Landeros-López, Jessica G  |u Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico; jessgll@hotmail.com (J.G.L.-L.); tkromer@uv.mx (T.K.); novelazquez@uv.mx (N.V.-R.) 
245 1 |a Influence of Microclimatic Variations on Morphological Traits of Ferns in Urban Forests of Central Veracruz, Mexico 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Urban forests are remnants of forest habitats within urban areas. Their structural alterations create stressful microclimatic conditions that can influence the morphology of sensitive plants, such as ferns. This study analyzed variations in the morphological traits of ferns in four urban forest sites in central Veracruz, Mexico, considering the microclimatic differences arising from vegetation structure. Temperature, humidity, canopy openness, and radiation were measured, along with eight foliar traits, while assessing the impact of site and habit (terrestrial or epiphytic) on the response. Sites with greater alterations in vegetation structure exhibited increased canopy openness, solar radiation, temperature, and a higher number of days with lower relative humidity. In these sites, leaves showed an increase in dry matter content and vein density, indicating a greater investment in resource storage and structural resistance. In the less-disturbed sites, terrestrial ferns demonstrated larger leaf area and specific leaf area, suggesting greater growth potential. Conversely, epiphytes generally had smaller leaves, which could represent an adaptive advantage for these species. The results also suggest a process of biotic homogenization within this plant group, reflecting a similar morphological response, except for indicator species restricted to less disturbed sites. Thus, this study reveals that microclimatic variations induced by urbanization significantly affect plant morphology and, ultimately, species diversity. 
651 4 |a Mexico 
653 |a Urbanization 
653 |a Vegetation 
653 |a Species diversity 
653 |a Urban forests 
653 |a Indicator species 
653 |a Forests 
653 |a Radiation 
653 |a Canopies 
653 |a Ferns 
653 |a Urban areas 
653 |a Plant morphology 
653 |a Radiation measurement 
653 |a Principal components analysis 
653 |a Solar radiation 
653 |a Variation 
653 |a Relative humidity 
653 |a Epiphytes 
653 |a Leaf area 
653 |a Humidity 
653 |a Flowers & plants 
653 |a Morphology 
653 |a Biodiversity 
653 |a Plants (botany) 
653 |a Leaves 
653 |a Ecosystems 
653 |a Dry matter 
653 |a Environmental conditions 
653 |a Temperature 
700 1 |a Krömer Thorsten  |u Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico; jessgll@hotmail.com (J.G.L.-L.); tkromer@uv.mx (T.K.); novelazquez@uv.mx (N.V.-R.) 
700 1 |a Gómez-Díaz, Jorge A  |u Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico; jorggomez@uv.mx 
700 1 |a Velázquez-Rosas Noé  |u Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico; jessgll@hotmail.com (J.G.L.-L.); tkromer@uv.mx (T.K.); novelazquez@uv.mx (N.V.-R.) 
700 1 |a Carvajal-Hernández, César I  |u Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa 91000, Mexico; jorggomez@uv.mx 
773 0 |t Plants  |g vol. 14, no. 11 (2025), p. 1732 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Agriculture Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217746152/abstract/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217746152/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217746152/fulltextPDF/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch