3-D Moving Target Localization in Multistatic HFSWR: Efficient Algorithm and Performance Analysis
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| Publicado en: | Remote Sensing vol. 17, no. 11 (2025), p. 1938 |
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| Otros Autores: | , , |
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MDPI AG
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| Acceso en línea: | Citation/Abstract Full Text + Graphics Full Text - PDF |
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| 022 | |a 2072-4292 | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/rs17111938 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a 3217746166 | ||
| 045 | 2 | |b d20250101 |b d20251231 | |
| 084 | |a 231556 |2 nlm | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Zhang, Xun |u Research Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; kk_zhang@stu.hit.edu.cn (X.Z.); gyj@stu.hit.edu.cn (Y.G.) | |
| 245 | 1 | |a 3-D Moving Target Localization in Multistatic HFSWR: Efficient Algorithm and Performance Analysis | |
| 260 | |b MDPI AG |c 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a High-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is unable to measure the target’s altitude information due to its limited antenna aperture in the elevation dimension. This paper focuses on the 3-D localization problem for moving targets within the line of sight (LOS) in multistatic HFSWR. For this purpose, the 1-D space angle (SA) measurement is introduced into multistatic HFSWR to perform 3-D joint localization together with bistatic range (BR) and bistatic range rate (BRR) measurements. The target’s velocity can also be estimated due to the inclusion of BRR. In multistatic HFSWR, commonly used azimuth measurements offer no information about the target’s altitude. Since SA is associated with the target’s 3-D coordinates, combining SA measurements from multiple receivers can effectively enhance localization accuracy, particularly in altitude estimation. In this paper, we develop a two-stage localization algorithm that first derives a weighted least-squares (WLS) coarse estimate and then performs an algebraic error reduction (ER) procedure to enhance accuracy. Both stages yield closed-form results, thus ensuring overall computational efficiency. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed WLS-ER algorithm can asymptotically attain the Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) as the measurement noise decreases. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed WLS-ER algorithm and highlight the contribution of SA measurements to altitude estimation in multistatic HFSWR. | |
| 653 | |a Receivers & amplifiers | ||
| 653 | |a Lower bounds | ||
| 653 | |a Altitude | ||
| 653 | |a Accuracy | ||
| 653 | |a Cramer-Rao bounds | ||
| 653 | |a Theoretical analysis | ||
| 653 | |a Algorithms | ||
| 653 | |a Line of sight | ||
| 653 | |a Transmitters | ||
| 653 | |a Localization | ||
| 653 | |a Linear equations | ||
| 653 | |a Velocity | ||
| 653 | |a Noise measurement | ||
| 653 | |a Moving targets | ||
| 653 | |a Surface waves | ||
| 653 | |a Error reduction | ||
| 653 | |a Arrays | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Geng, Jun |u Research Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; kk_zhang@stu.hit.edu.cn (X.Z.); gyj@stu.hit.edu.cn (Y.G.) | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wang, Yunlong |u Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; wangyl.2020@tsinghua.org.cn | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guo Yijia |u Research Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; kk_zhang@stu.hit.edu.cn (X.Z.); gyj@stu.hit.edu.cn (Y.G.) | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Remote Sensing |g vol. 17, no. 11 (2025), p. 1938 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217746166/abstract/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text + Graphics |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217746166/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3217746166/fulltextPDF/embedded/75I98GEZK8WCJMPQ?source=fedsrch |