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Real-Time Kubernetes-Based Front-End Processor for Smart Grid

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Publicado en:Electronics vol. 14, no. 12 (2025), p. 2377-2411
Autor principal: Kim, Taehun
Otros Autores: Kim, Hojung, Cho SeungKeun, Kim YongSeong, Song ByungKwen, Kim Jincheol
Publicado:
MDPI AG
Materias:
Software
Interoperability
Software development
Application programming interface
Performance evaluation
Protocol
Communication
Microprocessors
Industry 4.0
Data processing
Supervisory control and data acquisition
Control systems
Smart grid
Automation
Middleware
Workloads
Access control
Management systems
Industrial electronics
Modernization
Infrastructure
Industrial applications
Real time
Data exchange
Cybersecurity
Critical infrastructure
Control equipment
Industrial Internet of Things
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Resumen:In Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, central to industrial automation and control systems, the Front-end Processor (FEP) facilitates seamless communication between field control devices and central management systems. As the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Industry 4.0 centered on the smart factory paradigm gain traction, conventional FEPs are increasingly showing limitations in various aspects. To address these issues, Data Distribution Service, a real-time communication middleware, and Kubernetes, a container orchestration platform, have garnered attention. However, the effective integration of conventional SCADA protocols, such as DNP3.0, IEC 61850, and Modbus with DDS, remains a key challenge. Therefore, this article proposes a Kubernetes-based real-time FEP for the modernization of SCADA systems. The proposed FEP ensures interoperability through an efficient translation mechanism between traditional SCADA protocols—DNP3.0, IEC 61850, and Modbus—and the Data Distribution Service protocol. In addition, the performance evaluation shows that the FEP achieves high throughput and sub-millisecond latency, confirming its suitability for real-time industrial control applications. This approach overcomes the limitations of conventional FEPs and enables the realization of more flexible and scalable industrial control systems. However, further research is needed to validate the system under large-scale deployment scenarios and enhance security capabilities. Future work will focus on performance evaluation in realistic conditions and the integration of quantum-resistant security mechanisms to strengthen resilience in critical infrastructure environments.
ISSN:2079-9292
DOI:10.3390/electronics14122377
Fuente:Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database