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022 |a 2079-9292 
024 7 |a 10.3390/electronics14132732  |2 doi 
035 |a 3229143812 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231458  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Jiang, Xuemei  |u School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; jiangx@deakin.edu.au (X.J.); thuong.hoang@deakin.edu.au (T.H.); chathu.ranaweera@deakin.edu.au (C.R.); trina.myers@deakin.edu.au (T.M.) 
245 1 |a AI-Powered Gamified Scaffolding: Transforming Learning in Virtual Learning Environment 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Gamification has the potential to significantly enhance student engagement and motivation in educational contexts. However, there is a lack of empirical research that compares different guiding strategies between AI-driven gamified and non-gamified modes in virtual learning environments to scaffold language learning. This paper presents an empirical study that examines the impact of AI-driven gamification and learning strategies on the learning experience and outcomes in virtual environments for English-language learners. A gamified English learning prototype was designed and developed. A between-group experiment was established to compare different gamified scaffolding groups: a traditional linear group (storytelling), an AI-driven gamified linear group (task-based learning), and a gamified exploration group (self-regulated learning). One hundred students learning English as a second language participated in this study, and their learning conditions were evaluated across three dimensions: engagement, performance, and experience. The results suggest that traditional learning methods may not be as effective as the other two approaches; there may be other factors beyond in-game interaction and engagement time that influence learning and engagement. Moreover, the results show that different gamified learning modes are not the key factor affecting language learning. The research presents guidelines that can be applied when gamification and AI are utilised in virtual learning environments. 
653 |a Students 
653 |a Language acquisition 
653 |a Storytelling 
653 |a Teaching methods 
653 |a Investigations 
653 |a Computer assisted instruction--CAI 
653 |a Prototypes 
653 |a School environment 
653 |a Scaffolding 
653 |a Gamification 
653 |a English as a second language learning 
653 |a Learning management systems 
653 |a Empirical analysis 
653 |a Learning environment 
653 |a Learning strategies 
653 |a Motivation 
653 |a Second language learning 
653 |a Bibliometrics 
653 |a Artificial intelligence 
653 |a Educational objectives 
653 |a Hypotheses 
653 |a Instructional scaffolding 
653 |a Task-based language teaching 
653 |a Self-efficacy 
653 |a Problem based learning 
653 |a Education 
653 |a Virtual environments 
653 |a English language 
653 |a Research methodology 
653 |a Self regulation 
653 |a English as a second language 
653 |a Student participation 
653 |a Language 
653 |a Groups 
653 |a Learning 
700 1 |a Wang, Rui  |u CSIRO Data61, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia 
700 1 |a Hoang Thuong  |u School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; jiangx@deakin.edu.au (X.J.); thuong.hoang@deakin.edu.au (T.H.); chathu.ranaweera@deakin.edu.au (C.R.); trina.myers@deakin.edu.au (T.M.) 
700 1 |a Ranaweera Chathurika  |u School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; jiangx@deakin.edu.au (X.J.); thuong.hoang@deakin.edu.au (T.H.); chathu.ranaweera@deakin.edu.au (C.R.); trina.myers@deakin.edu.au (T.M.) 
700 1 |a Dong Chengzu  |u Dvision of AI, School of Data Science, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China 
700 1 |a Myers, Trina  |u School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia; jiangx@deakin.edu.au (X.J.); thuong.hoang@deakin.edu.au (T.H.); chathu.ranaweera@deakin.edu.au (C.R.); trina.myers@deakin.edu.au (T.M.) 
773 0 |t Electronics  |g vol. 14, no. 13 (2025), p. 2732-2757 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3229143812/abstract/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3229143812/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3229143812/fulltextPDF/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch