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Current Status of Application of Spaceborne GNSS-R Raw Intermediate-Frequency Signal Measurements: Comprehensive Review

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Veröffentlicht in:Remote Sensing vol. 17, no. 13 (2025), p. 2144-2180
1. Verfasser: Wang, Qiulan
Weitere Verfasser: Bu Jinwei, Wang, Yutong, Huang Donglan, Yang, Hui, Zuo Xiaoqing
Veröffentlicht:
MDPI AG
Schlagworte:
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
Weather forecasting
Climate change
Environmental monitoring
Accuracy
Signal analysis
Signal processing
Remote sensing
Frequencies
Ionosphere
Inland waters
Signal reflection
Marine technology
Data compression
Water monitoring
Ice sheets
Retrieval
Microsatellites
Climate change research
Group delay
Algorithms
Satellites
Parameters
Global navigation satellite system
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Abstract:In recent years, spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has made significant progress in the fields of Earth observation and remote sensing, with a wide range of applications, important research value, and broad development prospects. However, despite existing research focusing on the application of spaceborne GNSS-R L1-level data, the potential value of raw intermediate-frequency (IF) signals has not been fully explored for special applications that require a high accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of the measurement of raw IF signals from spaceborne GNSS-R in multiple application fields. Firstly, the development of spaceborne GNSS-R microsatellites launch technology is introduced, including the ability of microsatellites to receive GNSS signals and receiver technique, as well as related frequency bands and technological advancements. Secondly, the key role of coherence detection in spaceborne GNSS-R is discussed. By analyzing the phase and amplitude information of the reflected signals, parameters such as scattering characteristics, roughness, and the shape of surface features are extracted. Then, the application of spaceborne GNSS-R in inland water monitoring is explored, including inland water detection and the measurement of the surface height of inland (or lake) water bodies. In addition, the widespread application of group delay sea surface height measurement and carrier-phase sea surface height measurement technology in the marine field are also discussed. Further research is conducted on the progress of spaceborne GNSS-R in the retrieval of ice height or ice sheet height, as well as tropospheric parameter monitoring and the study of atmospheric parameters. Finally, the existing research results are summarized, and suggestions for future prospects are put forward, including improving the accuracy of signal processing and reflection signal analysis, developing more advanced algorithms and technologies, and so on, to achieve more accurate and reliable Earth observation and remote sensing applications. These research results have important application potential in fields such as environmental monitoring, climate change research, and weather prediction, and are expected to provide new technological means for global geophysical parameter retrieval.
ISSN:2072-4292
DOI:10.3390/rs17132144
Quelle:Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database