Synergistic Effects of Drivers on Spatiotemporal Changes in Carbon and Water Use Efficiency in Irrigated Cropland Ecosystems

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Bibliografske podrobnosti
izdano v:Agronomy vol. 15, no. 7 (2025), p. 1500-1523
Glavni avtor: Li, Guangchao
Drugi avtorji: Zhaoqin, Yi, Qian Tiantian, Chang, Yuhan, Gao Hanjing, Yu, Fei, Han, Liqin, Lu Yayan, Zuo Kangjia
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MDPI AG
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022 |a 2073-4395 
024 7 |a 10.3390/agronomy15071500  |2 doi 
035 |a 3233040162 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231332  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Li, Guangchao  |u College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; 2023219@htu.edu.cn (G.L.); 2321914019@stu.htu.edu.cn (T.Q.); 2321814048@stu.htu.edu.cn (Y.C.); 2321814130@stu.htu.edu.cn (H.G.); hanliqin@htu.edu.cn (L.H.); luyayan16@mails.ucas.ac.cn (Y.L.); 1921224069@stu.htu.edu.cn (K.Z.) 
245 1 |a Synergistic Effects of Drivers on Spatiotemporal Changes in Carbon and Water Use Efficiency in Irrigated Cropland Ecosystems 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of cropland carbon and carbon water use efficiency (CWUE) and its driving factors is essential for sustainable agricultural development. Based on a multi-source remote sensing dataset, this study applies a trend analysis (Sen + Mann–Kendall), a dual-type randomized extraction algorithm, and an optimized XGBoost model to examine the spatiotemporal variations in cropland CWUE, including the water use efficiency of net primary production (WUENPP), water use efficiency of gross primary production (WUEGPP), and carbon use efficiency (CUE) in Henan Province from 2001 to 2019. This study further quantifies the impact of irrigation on the cropland CWUE and explores the synergistic effects of its driving factors in irrigated areas. Results reveal significant regional differences in cropland CWUE across Henan Province. Higher multi-year average values of CUE and WUENPP were observed in the western region, while the WUEGPP was more prominent in the south-central region. Over 76% of cropland areas showed a general downward trend in three indicators, with significant interannual declines. Non-irrigated cropland exhibited higher CWUE values than irrigated ones. The average values over multiple years of the WUEGPP, WUENPP, and CUE of irrigated cropland were 2.51 <inline-formula>g&#xa0;C&#xa0;m−2&#xa0;mm−1</inline-formula>, 1.08 <inline-formula>g&#xa0;C&#xa0;m−2&#xa0;mm−1</inline-formula>, and 0.43, respectively. Sunlight was the dominant factor influencing the WUEGPP in irrigated areas, while precipitation primarily regulated the WUENPP and CUE. The influence of the gross domestic product (GDP) was found to be minimal. Notably, both the leaf area index (LAI) and precipitation exhibited a shift from a positive to negative influence on CUE once their values exceeded optimal thresholds, indicating that resource overabundance can lead to physiological limitations. This study offers valuable insights into how irrigated cropland responds to the combined effects of multiple environmental and socio-economic drivers. 
651 4 |a Henan China 
651 4 |a China 
653 |a Primary production 
653 |a Food security 
653 |a Leaf area 
653 |a Agricultural land 
653 |a Humidity 
653 |a Agricultural production 
653 |a Trend analysis 
653 |a Trends 
653 |a Water use 
653 |a Irrigated areas 
653 |a Corn 
653 |a Efficiency 
653 |a Productivity 
653 |a Water use efficiency 
653 |a Remote sensing 
653 |a Water 
653 |a Irrigation 
653 |a Leaf area index 
653 |a Carbon 
653 |a Climate change 
653 |a Agriculture 
653 |a Computer centers 
653 |a Precipitation 
653 |a Wheat 
653 |a Synergistic effect 
653 |a Regions 
653 |a Land use 
653 |a Terrestrial ecosystems 
653 |a Crops 
653 |a Sustainable development 
653 |a Sustainable agriculture 
653 |a Agricultural development 
653 |a Net Primary Productivity 
700 1 |a Zhaoqin, Yi  |u College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China 
700 1 |a Qian Tiantian  |u College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; 2023219@htu.edu.cn (G.L.); 2321914019@stu.htu.edu.cn (T.Q.); 2321814048@stu.htu.edu.cn (Y.C.); 2321814130@stu.htu.edu.cn (H.G.); hanliqin@htu.edu.cn (L.H.); luyayan16@mails.ucas.ac.cn (Y.L.); 1921224069@stu.htu.edu.cn (K.Z.) 
700 1 |a Chang, Yuhan  |u College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; 2023219@htu.edu.cn (G.L.); 2321914019@stu.htu.edu.cn (T.Q.); 2321814048@stu.htu.edu.cn (Y.C.); 2321814130@stu.htu.edu.cn (H.G.); hanliqin@htu.edu.cn (L.H.); luyayan16@mails.ucas.ac.cn (Y.L.); 1921224069@stu.htu.edu.cn (K.Z.) 
700 1 |a Gao Hanjing  |u College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; 2023219@htu.edu.cn (G.L.); 2321914019@stu.htu.edu.cn (T.Q.); 2321814048@stu.htu.edu.cn (Y.C.); 2321814130@stu.htu.edu.cn (H.G.); hanliqin@htu.edu.cn (L.H.); luyayan16@mails.ucas.ac.cn (Y.L.); 1921224069@stu.htu.edu.cn (K.Z.) 
700 1 |a Yu, Fei  |u College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China 
700 1 |a Han, Liqin  |u College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; 2023219@htu.edu.cn (G.L.); 2321914019@stu.htu.edu.cn (T.Q.); 2321814048@stu.htu.edu.cn (Y.C.); 2321814130@stu.htu.edu.cn (H.G.); hanliqin@htu.edu.cn (L.H.); luyayan16@mails.ucas.ac.cn (Y.L.); 1921224069@stu.htu.edu.cn (K.Z.) 
700 1 |a Lu Yayan  |u College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; 2023219@htu.edu.cn (G.L.); 2321914019@stu.htu.edu.cn (T.Q.); 2321814048@stu.htu.edu.cn (Y.C.); 2321814130@stu.htu.edu.cn (H.G.); hanliqin@htu.edu.cn (L.H.); luyayan16@mails.ucas.ac.cn (Y.L.); 1921224069@stu.htu.edu.cn (K.Z.) 
700 1 |a Zuo Kangjia  |u College of Tourism, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; 2023219@htu.edu.cn (G.L.); 2321914019@stu.htu.edu.cn (T.Q.); 2321814048@stu.htu.edu.cn (Y.C.); 2321814130@stu.htu.edu.cn (H.G.); hanliqin@htu.edu.cn (L.H.); luyayan16@mails.ucas.ac.cn (Y.L.); 1921224069@stu.htu.edu.cn (K.Z.) 
773 0 |t Agronomy  |g vol. 15, no. 7 (2025), p. 1500-1523 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Agriculture Science Database 
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