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Recent Advances in Flexible Sensors for Neural Interfaces: Multimodal Sensing, Signal Integration, and Closed-Loop Feedback

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Udgivet i:Biosensors vol. 15, no. 7 (2025), p. 424-466
Hovedforfatter: Yang, Siyi
Andre forfattere: Qiao Xiujuan, Ma Junlong, Yang, Zhihao, Luo Xiliang, Du Zhanhong
Udgivet:
MDPI AG
Fag:
Flexible components
Structural engineering
Data processing
Convulsions & seizures
Electrodes
Serotonin
Closed loops
Implants
Nanomaterials
Neurosciences
Nanotechnology
Computer applications
Machine learning
Graphene
Feedback
Interfaces
Composite materials
Therapeutic applications
Signal monitoring
Carbon fibers
Materials science
Artificial intelligence
Conducting polymers
Dopamine
Closed loop systems
Neurological disorders
Sensors
Polymers
Biocompatibility
Tissues
Real time
Spinal cord
Sensory integration
Environmental
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Resumen:The rapid advancement of flexible sensor technology has profoundly transformed neural interface research, enabling multimodal information acquisition, real-time neurochemical and electrophysiological signal monitoring, and adaptive closed-loop regulation. This review systematically summarizes recent developments in flexible materials and microstructural designs optimized for enhanced biocompatibility, mechanical compliance, and sensing performance. We highlight the progress in integrated sensing systems capable of simultaneously capturing electrophysiological, mechanical, and neurochemical signals. The integration of carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic composites, and conductive polymers with innovative structural engineering is analyzed, emphasizing their potential in overcoming traditional rigid interface limitations. Furthermore, strategies for multimodal signal fusion, including electrochemical, optical, and mechanical co-sensing, are discussed in depth. Finally, we explore future perspectives involving the convergence of machine learning, miniaturized power systems, and intelligent responsive materials, aiming at the translation of flexible neural interfaces from laboratory research to practical clinical interventions and therapeutic applications.
ISSN:2079-6374
DOI:10.3390/bios15070424
Fuente:Health & Medical Collection