LLM and Pattern Language Synthesis: A Hybrid Tool for Human-Centered Architectural Design

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Veröffentlicht in:Buildings vol. 15, no. 14 (2025), p. 2400-2432
1. Verfasser: Postle, Bruno
Weitere Verfasser: Salingaros, Nikos A
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MDPI AG
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022 |a 2075-5309 
024 7 |a 10.3390/buildings15142400  |2 doi 
035 |a 3233107111 
045 2 |b d20250715  |b d20250731 
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100 1 |a Postle, Bruno  |u Union Street Research, 18-20 Union Street, Sheffield S12 JP, UK; bruno@postle.net 
245 1 |a LLM and Pattern Language Synthesis: A Hybrid Tool for Human-Centered Architectural Design 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a This paper combines Christopher Alexander’s pattern language with generative AI into a hybrid design framework. The result is a narrative synthesis that can be useful for informed project design. Advanced large language models (LLMs) enable the real-time synthesis of design patterns, making complex architectural choices accessible and comprehensible to stakeholders without specialized architectural knowledge. A lightweight, web-based tool lets project teams rapidly assemble context-specific subsets of Alexander’s 253 patterns, reducing a traditionally unwieldy 1166-page corpus to a concise, shareable list. Demonstrated through a case study of a university department building, this method results in environments that are psychologically welcoming, fostering health, productivity, and emotional well-being. LLMs translate these curated patterns into vivid experiential narratives—complete with neuroscientifically informed ornamentation. LLMs produce representative images from the verbal narrative, revealing a surprisingly traditional design that was never input as a prompt. Two separate LLMs (for cross-checking) then predict the pattern-generated design to catalyze improved productivity as compared to a standard campus building. By bridging abstract design principles and concrete human experience, this approach democratizes architectural planning grounded on Alexander’s human-centered, participatory ethos. 
653 |a Physiology 
653 |a Language 
653 |a Software 
653 |a Concrete 
653 |a Built environment 
653 |a Computer science 
653 |a Buildings 
653 |a Books 
653 |a Project design 
653 |a Generative artificial intelligence 
653 |a Productivity 
653 |a Knowledge management 
653 |a Architecture 
653 |a Well being 
653 |a Cognitive ability 
653 |a Synthesis 
653 |a Chatbots 
653 |a Narratives 
653 |a Large language models 
653 |a Decision making 
653 |a Design 
653 |a Real time 
653 |a Architects 
700 1 |a Salingaros, Nikos A  |u Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA 
773 0 |t Buildings  |g vol. 15, no. 14 (2025), p. 2400-2432 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Engineering Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233107111/abstract/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233107111/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233107111/fulltextPDF/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch