Bebras-Based Assessment for Computational Thinking: Performance and Gender Analysis

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Publicat a:Education Sciences vol. 15, no. 7 (2025), p. 899-915
Autor principal: Santaengracia, Juan J
Altres autors: Palop Belén, García Trinidad, Rodríguez Pérez Celestino, Rodríguez-Muñiz, Luis J
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MDPI AG
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022 |a 2227-7102 
022 |a 2076-3344 
024 7 |a 10.3390/educsci15070899  |2 doi 
035 |a 3233140574 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231457  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Santaengracia, Juan J  |u Department of Statistics and Operational Research and Mathematics Didactics, University of Oviedo, Campus de Llamaquique, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; luisj@uniovi.es 
245 1 |a Bebras-Based Assessment for Computational Thinking: Performance and Gender Analysis 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a This study presents the design and validation process of a new Bebras-based instrument to assess computational thinking (CT) in 7th-grade students. An initial version of the test, composed of 18 multiple-choice items, was piloted with 80 students and revised based on their performance and classroom feedback. The final version, composed of 17 tasks balanced across CT components and difficulty levels, was administered to 1513 students from 86 Spanish schools. No significant gender differences were found in overall performance, supporting the potential of Bebras tasks to provide equitable assessment. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a dominant factor explaining 20% of the variance, and additional evidence (Lord’s index = 10.61) supported the use of a one-dimensional model despite the ambiguous dimensionality of the domain. BBACT offers a balanced and theoretically grounded tool for assessing CT in compulsory education and lays the foundation for future work exploring its validity and application across diverse contexts. 
653 |a Problem solving 
653 |a Students 
653 |a Computer science 
653 |a Debugging 
653 |a Gender 
653 |a Decomposition 
653 |a Performance evaluation 
653 |a Cognition & reasoning 
653 |a Pattern recognition 
653 |a Programming languages 
653 |a Validity 
653 |a Algorithms 
653 |a Multiple choice 
653 |a Generalization 
653 |a Addition 
653 |a Academic Achievement 
653 |a Measurement Techniques 
653 |a Mathematics Education 
653 |a Attitude Measures 
653 |a Factor Structure 
653 |a Educational Assessment 
653 |a Fundamental Concepts 
653 |a Compulsory Education 
653 |a Educational Environment 
653 |a Definitions 
653 |a Gender Differences 
653 |a Content Validity 
700 1 |a Palop Belén  |u Department of Social, Experimental Science and Mathematics Education, Faculty Educación, Rector Royo-Villanova, 28040 Madrid, Spain; b.palop@ucm.es 
700 1 |a García Trinidad  |u Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Campus de Llamaquique, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; garciatrinidad@uniovi.es (T.G.); rodriguezcelestino@uniovi.es (C.R.P.) 
700 1 |a Rodríguez Pérez Celestino  |u Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Campus de Llamaquique, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; garciatrinidad@uniovi.es (T.G.); rodriguezcelestino@uniovi.es (C.R.P.) 
700 1 |a Rodríguez-Muñiz, Luis J  |u Department of Statistics and Operational Research and Mathematics Didactics, University of Oviedo, Campus de Llamaquique, 33007 Oviedo, Spain; luisj@uniovi.es 
773 0 |t Education Sciences  |g vol. 15, no. 7 (2025), p. 899-915 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Education Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233140574/abstract/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233140574/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3233140574/fulltextPDF/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch