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Capacitive Sensing of Solid Debris in Used Lubricant of Transmission System: Multivariate Statistics Classification Approach

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Publicado en:Lubricants vol. 13, no. 7 (2025), p. 304-324
Autor principal: Raadnui Surapol
Otros Autores: Sontinan, Intasonti
Publicado:
MDPI AG
Materias:
Dielectric properties
Classification
Electrodes
Iron
Lubricating oils
Discriminant analysis
Debris
Monitoring systems
Statistical analysis
Heat conductivity
Lubricants
Spectrum analysis
Principal components analysis
Nonferrous metals
Electric fields
Sensors
Silicon dioxide
Multivariate analysis
Lubricants & lubrication
Silica
Multivariate statistical analysis
Regression analysis
Statistical models
Mixing ratio
Morphology
Wear particles
Acceso en línea:Citation/Abstract
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Resumen:The quantification of solid debris in used lubricating oil is essential for assessing transmission system wear and optimizing maintenance strategies. This study introduces a low-cost capacitive proximity sensor for monitoring total solid particle contamination in lubricants, with a focus on ferrous (Fe), non-ferrous (Al), and non-metallic (SiO2) debris. Controlled tests were performed using five mixing ratios of large-to-small particles (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) at a fixed debris mass of 0.5 g per 25 mL of SAE 85W-140 automotive gear oil. Cubic regression analysis yielded high predictive accuracy, with average R2 values of 0.994 for Fe, 0.943 for Al, and 0.992 for SiO2. Further dimensionality reduction using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), along with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) of multivariate statistical analysis, effectively classifies debris types and enhances interpretability. These results demonstrate the potential of capacitive sensing as an offline, non-invasive alternative to traditional techniques for wear debris monitoring in transmission systems. These results confirm the potential of capacitive sensing, supported by statistical modeling, as a non-invasive, cost-effective technique for offline classification and monitoring of wear debris in transmission systems.
ISSN:2075-4442
DOI:10.3390/lubricants13070304
Fuente:Engineering Database