Tribological Evaluation of Brake Materials with Silk and Grewia optiva Natural Fibers

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Udgivet i:Lubricants vol. 13, no. 7 (2025), p. 295-310
Hovedforfatter: Gehlen, Gustavo S
Andre forfattere: Singh, Tej, Barros, Liu Y, Poletto, Jean Carlos, Lasch Germano, Rodrigues, Alice A, Souza, Régis H, S, Ferreira, Ney F, Sharafat, Ali, Neis, Patric D
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MDPI AG
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024 7 |a 10.3390/lubricants13070295  |2 doi 
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100 1 |a Gehlen, Gustavo S  |u Laboratory of Tribology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 425, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; liu.barros@ufrgs.br (L.Y.B.); germano_lasch@hotmail.com (G.L.); 82008alice@gmail.com (A.A.R.); s-regis@hotmail.com (R.H.S.S.); neyferr@gmail.com (N.F.F.); patric.neis79@gmail.com (P.D.N.) 
245 1 |a Tribological Evaluation of Brake Materials with Silk and <i>Grewia optiva</i> Natural Fibers 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a The growing demand for sustainable, high-performance composite materials has increased the interest in natural fibers as reinforcements for brake friction materials (BFMs). Silk and Grewia optiva fibers, in particular, have emerged as promising candidates for BFMs due to their good mechanical properties, biodegradability, and availability. To evaluate their potential, friction materials were formulated with 6% Grewia (GF), 6% silk (SF), and a hybrid formulation containing 3% of both fibers (SGF), alongside a reference material reinforced with 6% aramid fiber (AF). These composites were then tested on a braking tribometer using an extended SAE J2522 procedure to assess their performance. The AF formulation showed slightly better wear resistance and the GF formulation showed inferior performance during high-temperature cycles, whereas SF and SGF performed close to the reference formulation (AF) in these sections. In terms of friction stability, SF matched the AF formulation, while GF demonstrated significantly poorer stability. The first high-temperature exposure of the BFMs (Fade 1) served as a critical thermal settlement phase, after which they demonstrated both improved friction stability and repeatable performance characteristics. Finally, this study demonstrates that silk fiber represents a viable, sustainable alternative to aramid in BFMs, exhibiting comparable performance in terms of friction stability and thermal resistance. 
651 4 |a India 
651 4 |a Mumbai India 
653 |a Friction 
653 |a Mechanical properties 
653 |a Investigations 
653 |a Tribology 
653 |a Ingredients 
653 |a Temperature 
653 |a Wear resistance 
653 |a Thermal resistance 
653 |a Silk 
653 |a Aramid fibers 
653 |a Reference materials 
653 |a Stability 
653 |a Performance characteristics 
653 |a High temperature 
653 |a Composite materials 
653 |a Ceramic fibers 
700 1 |a Singh, Tej  |u Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary; tejschauhan@gmail.com 
700 1 |a Barros, Liu Y  |u Laboratory of Tribology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 425, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; liu.barros@ufrgs.br (L.Y.B.); germano_lasch@hotmail.com (G.L.); 82008alice@gmail.com (A.A.R.); s-regis@hotmail.com (R.H.S.S.); neyferr@gmail.com (N.F.F.); patric.neis79@gmail.com (P.D.N.) 
700 1 |a Poletto, Jean Carlos  |u Soete Laboratory, Ghent University, Technologiepark Zwijnaarde 46, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; jeancarlos.poletto@ugent.be 
700 1 |a Lasch Germano  |u Laboratory of Tribology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 425, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; liu.barros@ufrgs.br (L.Y.B.); germano_lasch@hotmail.com (G.L.); 82008alice@gmail.com (A.A.R.); s-regis@hotmail.com (R.H.S.S.); neyferr@gmail.com (N.F.F.); patric.neis79@gmail.com (P.D.N.) 
700 1 |a Rodrigues, Alice A  |u Laboratory of Tribology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 425, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; liu.barros@ufrgs.br (L.Y.B.); germano_lasch@hotmail.com (G.L.); 82008alice@gmail.com (A.A.R.); s-regis@hotmail.com (R.H.S.S.); neyferr@gmail.com (N.F.F.); patric.neis79@gmail.com (P.D.N.) 
700 1 |a Souza, Régis H, S  |u Laboratory of Tribology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 425, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; liu.barros@ufrgs.br (L.Y.B.); germano_lasch@hotmail.com (G.L.); 82008alice@gmail.com (A.A.R.); s-regis@hotmail.com (R.H.S.S.); neyferr@gmail.com (N.F.F.); patric.neis79@gmail.com (P.D.N.) 
700 1 |a Ferreira, Ney F  |u Laboratory of Tribology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 425, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; liu.barros@ufrgs.br (L.Y.B.); germano_lasch@hotmail.com (G.L.); 82008alice@gmail.com (A.A.R.); s-regis@hotmail.com (R.H.S.S.); neyferr@gmail.com (N.F.F.); patric.neis79@gmail.com (P.D.N.) 
700 1 |a Sharafat, Ali  |u Allied Nippon Private Limited, Sahibabad 201010, Uttar Pradesh, India; sharafat.amu@gmail.com 
700 1 |a Neis, Patric D  |u Laboratory of Tribology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Sarmento Leite 425, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil; liu.barros@ufrgs.br (L.Y.B.); germano_lasch@hotmail.com (G.L.); 82008alice@gmail.com (A.A.R.); s-regis@hotmail.com (R.H.S.S.); neyferr@gmail.com (N.F.F.); patric.neis79@gmail.com (P.D.N.) 
773 0 |t Lubricants  |g vol. 13, no. 7 (2025), p. 295-310 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Engineering Database 
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