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Two-Dimensional Latent Space Manifold of Brain Connectomes Across the Spectrum of Clinical Cognitive Decline

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Vydáno v:Bioengineering vol. 12, no. 8 (2025), p. 819-839
Hlavní autor: Güneş, Bayır
Další autoři: Yüksel Dal Demet, Harı Emre, Ay Ulaş, Gurvit Hakan, Alkan, Kabakçıoğlu, Acar Burak
Vydáno:
MDPI AG
Témata:
Alzheimer's disease
Deep learning
Principal components analysis
Hypotheses
Brain research
Graph neural networks
Dementia
Neural networks
Dementia disorders
Classification
Regions
Biomarkers
Brain
Cognitive ability
Neurodegenerative diseases
Survival analysis
Impairment
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Abstrakt:Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia (ADD) progresses along a continuum of cognitive decline, typically from Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI) to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and eventually to dementia. While many studies have focused on classifying these clinical stages, fewer have examined whether brain connectomes encode this continuum in a low-dimensional, interpretable form. Motivated by the hypothesis that structural brain connectomes undergo complex yet compact changes across cognitive decline, we propose a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based framework that embeds these connectomes into a two-dimensional manifold to capture the evolving patterns of structural connectivity associated with cognitive deterioration. Using attention-based graph aggregation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), we find that MCI subjects consistently occupy an intermediate position between SCI and ADD, and that the observed transitions align with known clinical biomarkers of ADD pathology. This hypothesis-driven analysis is further supported by the model’s robust separation performance, with ROC-AUC scores of 0.93 for ADD vs. SCI and 0.81 for ADD vs. MCI. These findings offer an interpretable and neurologically grounded representation of dementia progression, emphasizing structural connectome alterations as potential markers of cognitive decline.
ISSN:2306-5354
DOI:10.3390/bioengineering12080819
Zdroj:Engineering Database