Simulating the Coastal Protection Performance of Breakwaters in the Mekong Delta: Insights from the Western Coast of Ca Mau Province, Vietnam

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Publicado en:	Journal of Marine Science and Engineering vol. 13, no. 8 (2025), p. 1559-1584
Autor principal:	Duy Dinh Van
Otros Autores:	Tran, Ty, Van, Phat Lam Tan, Minh Huynh Vuong Thu, Nam Nguyen Dinh Giang, Downes, Nigel K, Ram, Avtar, Tanaka, Hitoshi
Publicado:	MDPI AG
Materias:	Vietnam Mekong River Delta Modular engineering Wave attenuation Food security Rock Coastal erosion Remote sensing Wave height Floating structures Sediments Sustainable Development Goals Sea level changes Human influences Shorelines Deltas Climate change Deforestation Floating breakwaters Mangroves Shoreline protection Blue economy Accretion Sustainability Sustainable development Breakwaters Engineering Performance assessment Sediment Piles Tidal waves Coastal development Soil erosion Rocks Remote monitoring Three dimensional flow Wave dissipation Ecosystems Coastal engineering Infrastructure Environmental protection Anthropogenic factors Coastal zone management Sensors Regeneration (biological) Wave power Modular structures Environmental
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Descripción
Resumen:	The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) is experiencing accelerated coastal erosion, driven by upstream sediment trapping, sea-level rise, and local anthropogenic pressures. This study evaluates the effectiveness of pilot breakwater structures in mitigating erosion and supporting mangrove regeneration along the western coast of Ca Mau Province—one of the delta’s most vulnerable shorelines. An integrated methodology combining field-based wave monitoring, remote sensing analysis of shoreline and mangrove changes (2000–2024), and high-resolution Flow-3D hydrodynamic modeling was employed to assess the performance of four breakwater typologies: semi-circular, pile-rock, Busadco, and floating structures. The results show that semi-circular breakwaters achieved the highest wave attenuation, reducing maximum wave height (Hmax) by up to 76%, followed by pile-rock (69%), Busadco (66%), and floating structures (50%). Sediment accretion and mangrove stabilization were most consistent around the semi-circular and pile-rock types. Notably, mangrove loss slowed significantly after breakwater installation, with the annual deforestation rate dropping from 7.67 ha/year (2000–2021) to 1.1 ha/year (2021–2024). Simulations further revealed that mangrove width strongly influences wave dissipation, with belts under 5 m offering minimal protection. The findings highlight the potential of hybrid coastal protection strategies that combine engineered structures with ecological buffers. Modular solutions such as floating breakwaters offer flexibility to adapt with evolving shoreline dynamics. These findings inform scalable coastal protection strategies under sediment-deficit conditions. This study contributes to Vietnam’s Coastal Development Master Plan and broader resilience efforts under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 13 and 14, providing evidence to inform the design and scaling of adaptive, nature-based infrastructure in sediment-challenged deltaic environments.
ISSN:	2077-1312
DOI:	10.3390/jmse13081559
Fuente:	Engineering Database