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Bilingualism reduces associations between cognition and the brain at baseline, but does not show evidence of cognitive reserve over time

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Publicado en:Bilingualism vol. 28, no. 1 (Jan 2025), p. 66
Autor principal: Elliott, Meghan R
Otros Autores: Mungas, Dan M, Miguel Arce Rentería, Whitmer, Rachel A, DeCarli, Charles, Fletcher, Evan M
Publicado:
Cambridge University Press
Materias:
United States > US
California
Language
Alzheimer's disease
Spanish language
English language
Code switching
Memory
Brain
Brain research
Self report
Cognitive ability
Cognition & reasoning
Executive function
Knowledge
Dementia
Episodic memory
Bilingualism
Atrophy
Cognition
Education
Genetic engineering
Function
Monolingualism
Languages
Brain atrophy
Bilingual people
Semantics
Neurology
Language Usage
Code Switching (Language)
Adult Learning
Academic Achievement
Second Languages
Cognitive Measurement
Outcome Measures
Evidence
Short Term Memory
Longitudinal Studies
Language Proficiency
Aging (Individuals)
Definitions
Japanese
Algorithms
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Resumen:Studies suggest that bilingualism may be associated with better cognition, but the role of active bilingualism, the daily use of two languages, on cognitive trajectories remains unclear. One hypothesis is that frequent language switching may protect cognitive trajectories against effects of brain atrophy. Here, we examined interaction effects between language and brain variables on cognition among Hispanic participants at baseline (N = 153) and longitudinally (N = 84). Linguistic measures included self-reported active Spanish–English bilingualism or Spanish monolingualism. Brain measures included, at baseline, regions of gray matter (GM) thickness strongly correlated with cross-sectional episodic memory and executive function and longitudinally, tissue atrophy rates correlated with episodic memory and executive function change. Active Spanish–English bilinguals showed reduced association strength between cognition and gray matter thickness cross-sectionally, β=0.303, p < .01 but not longitudinally, β=0.024, p = 0.105. Thus, active bilingualism may support episodic memory and executive function despite GM atrophy cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally.
ISSN:1366-7289
1469-1841
DOI:10.1017/S1366728924000105
Fuente:Arts & Humanities Database