MARC

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022 |a 2229-0443 
024 7 |a 10.1186/s40468-025-00396-3  |2 doi 
035 |a 3248931111 
045 2 |b d20251201  |b d20251231 
084 |a 243835  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Abbasi Sardari, Sahar  |u Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran (GRID:grid.412573.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0745 1259) 
245 1 |a Creating an empirically derived checklist to diagnose second language learners’ integrated writing ability 
260 |b Springer Nature B.V.  |c Dec 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Considering the importance of graphical literacy in academic contexts together with the crucial role of diagnostic feedback in guiding and facilitating teaching and learning practices, this study was aimed at developing a descriptor-based checklist to diagnose test takers’ performance on IELTS graph-based integrated writing tasks. Think-aloud verbal protocols of six IELTS instructors during rating and six instructors during writing IELTS task 1 reports informed the checklist’s development. The checklist descriptors were validated by different groups of experts and cross-checked against the literature and existing checklists. The checklist’s capability to provide reliable and diagnostic information was examined by analyzing score consistency across raters, and the correlation between the binary and multilevel scores awarded using the developed checklist and the IELTS rubric. The findings highlight both task-specific writing skills unique to graph-based integrated tasks and more general writing skills common across different integrated writing tasks. Implications for teachers, learners, and professional development programs are discussed. 
653 |a Language 
653 |a Feedback 
653 |a Literacy 
653 |a Writing 
653 |a Success 
653 |a Teacher education 
653 |a English as a second language tests 
653 |a Second language teachers 
653 |a Second language writing 
653 |a Skills 
653 |a Second language learning 
653 |a Graphs 
653 |a Science education 
653 |a Listening 
653 |a Writing ability 
653 |a Reading 
653 |a Professional training 
653 |a Task performance 
653 |a Checklists 
653 |a Teaching 
653 |a Teachers 
653 |a Development programs 
653 |a Professional development 
653 |a Literature Reviews 
653 |a Construct Validity 
653 |a Language Usage 
653 |a Achievement Tests 
653 |a Academic Language 
653 |a Language Skills 
653 |a High Stakes Tests 
653 |a Prior Learning 
653 |a Listening Comprehension Tests 
653 |a Academic Achievement 
653 |a Diagnostic Tests 
653 |a Intuition 
653 |a Data Interpretation 
653 |a Language Tests 
653 |a Language Aptitude 
653 |a Check Lists 
653 |a Authors 
653 |a Knowledge Level 
653 |a Educational Assessment 
653 |a Formative Evaluation 
653 |a Language Proficiency 
653 |a Listening Skills 
653 |a Grammar 
700 1 |a Ahmadi, Alireza  |u Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran (GRID:grid.412573.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0745 1259) 
700 1 |a Ravand, Hamdollah 
773 0 |t Language Testing in Asia  |g vol. 15, no. 1 (Dec 2025), p. 52 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Education Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3248931111/abstract/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3248931111/fulltext/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3248931111/fulltextPDF/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch