The HDS Process: Origin, Process Evolution, Reaction Mechanisms, Process Units, Catalysts, and Health Risks
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| Опубліковано в:: | Processes vol. 13, no. 9 (2025), p. 2817-2845 |
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| Автор: | |
| Інші автори: | , , |
| Опубліковано: |
MDPI AG
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| Онлайн доступ: | Citation/Abstract Full Text + Graphics Full Text - PDF |
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| 022 | |a 2227-9717 | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.3390/pr13092817 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a 3254634779 | ||
| 045 | 2 | |b d20250101 |b d20251231 | |
| 084 | |a 231553 |2 nlm | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Arevalo-Basañez Edgar |u Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; 1024195f@umich.mx | |
| 245 | 1 | |a The HDS Process: Origin, Process Evolution, Reaction Mechanisms, Process Units, Catalysts, and Health Risks | |
| 260 | |b MDPI AG |c 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a The sulfur content in crude oil varies between 1000 and 30,000 ppm (parts per million), meaning that its removal from fuels requires significant technical and economic effort. Growing concern about pollution, accompanied by stricter environmental regulations, have led to the development of strategies to mitigate the negative effects of sulfur-containing compounds in petroleum, which can cause malfunctions in manufacturing plants and refineries, such as causing catalyst poisoning in catalytic reforming equipment and sulfur dioxide emissions that have been generated through the use of fuels in vehicles, vessels, furnaces, etc. Sulfur is one of the main pollutants found in diesel and gasoline. The hydrodesulfurization method removes sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds from diesel and gasoline, ensuring compliance with current environmental regulations established for the import and export of fuels. In addition, hydrodesulfurization contributes to reducing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emissions into the environment and prevents corrosion, which increases safety for both manufacturing plants and end consumers. This situation is analyzed in this paper, considering Mexican legislation about fuels and their usage. Sulfur is an important pollutant contained in diesel and gasoline fuels; it exhibits lubricant properties, helping to reduce the maintenance intervals of the machines and increase engine life. Therefore, its removal from fuel blends is a topic of great scientific interest as researchers look for different lubricant alternatives, which are relevant to motor vehicle engines. | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Dubai United Arab Emirates | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Mexico | |
| 651 | 4 | |a United Arab Emirates | |
| 653 | |a Hydrocarbons | ||
| 653 | |a Gasoline | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental regulations | ||
| 653 | |a Nitrogen dioxide | ||
| 653 | |a Pollutants | ||
| 653 | |a Emissions | ||
| 653 | |a Reforming | ||
| 653 | |a Sulfur dioxide | ||
| 653 | |a Motor vehicles | ||
| 653 | |a Poisoning (reaction inhibition) | ||
| 653 | |a Motor vehicle engines | ||
| 653 | |a Fuels | ||
| 653 | |a Vacuum distillation | ||
| 653 | |a Manufacturing | ||
| 653 | |a Lubricants | ||
| 653 | |a Regulations | ||
| 653 | |a Climate change | ||
| 653 | |a Catalytic cracking | ||
| 653 | |a Refineries | ||
| 653 | |a Sulfur compounds | ||
| 653 | |a Conferences | ||
| 653 | |a Poisoning | ||
| 653 | |a Diesel | ||
| 653 | |a Oil fields | ||
| 653 | |a Fossil fuels | ||
| 653 | |a Carbon | ||
| 653 | |a Sulfur content | ||
| 653 | |a Health risk assessment | ||
| 653 | |a Catalysts | ||
| 653 | |a Hydrodesulfurization | ||
| 653 | |a Reaction mechanisms | ||
| 653 | |a Crude oil | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Jiménez-García Gladys |u Academia de Ingeniería Biomédica, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Pátzcuaro, Pátzcuaro 61615, Mexico; gjimenez@itspa.edu.mx | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Villalón-López, Ulises Alejandro |u Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 14418, Mexico; uvillalon@uabc.edu.mx | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Maya-Yescas Rafael |u Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico; 1024195f@umich.mx | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Processes |g vol. 13, no. 9 (2025), p. 2817-2845 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Materials Science Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254634779/abstract/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text + Graphics |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254634779/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254634779/fulltextPDF/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch |