Long COVID Syndrome Prevalence in 2025 in an Integral Healthcare Consortium in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona: Persistent and Transient Symptoms

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Publicado en:Vaccines vol. 13, no. 9 (2025), p. 905-924
Autor principal: Arévalo-Genicio Antonio
Otros Autores: García-Arqué, Mª Carmen, Gragea-Nocete Marta, Llistosella, Maria, Moro-Casasola, Vanessa, Pérez-Díaz, Cristina, Puigdellívol-Sánchez, Anna, Roca-Puig, Ramon
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MDPI AG
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LEADER 00000nab a2200000uu 4500
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022 |a 2076-393X 
024 7 |a 10.3390/vaccines13090905  |2 doi 
035 |a 3254655155 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231639  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Arévalo-Genicio Antonio  |u Primary Health Care, CAP Dr. Joan Planas, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Av Pau Casals, 12, 08755 Castellbisbal, Spain 
245 1 |a Long COVID Syndrome Prevalence in 2025 in an Integral Healthcare Consortium in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona: Persistent and Transient Symptoms 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Background: Long COVID can persist for years, but little is known about its prevalence in relation to the number of infections. This study examines the prevalence of long COVID in association with the number of infections and vaccination status. Methods: We analyzed anonymized data on long COVID cases, thrombotic events and polypharmacy from March 2020, provided by the Data Analysis Control Department for the population assigned to the CST (192,651 at March 2025). Additionally, we analyzed responses to a long COVID symptom-specific survey distributed in March 2024 to individuals aged 18 to 75 years from the CST population diagnosed with COVID-19 as of December 2023 (n = 43,398; 3227 respondents). Symptomatic patients suspected of having long COVID underwent blood tests to exclude alternative diagnoses. Results: The overall detected prevalence of long COVID was 2.4‰, with higher frequency among women aged 30–59 years (p < 0.001). The survey, combined with specific blood tests, improved detection rates by 26.3%. Long COVID prevalence was 3–10 times higher in individuals with three or more infections than in those with only one recorded infection (based on survey/CST data, respectively). The absolute number of thrombotic events among individuals aged >60 doubled from 2020 to 2024, occurring in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, as well as in those with or without prior documented COVID-19 infection, including in patients without chronic treatments. Conclusions: We found a link between SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and long COVID, and a post-pandemic rise in thrombotic events across all populations, regardless of vaccination or prior infection. Findings support continued COVID-19 diagnosis in suspected cases and mask use by healthcare workers treating respiratory patients. 
653 |a Pandemics 
653 |a Infections 
653 |a Medical records 
653 |a Blood 
653 |a COVID-19 vaccines 
653 |a Long COVID 
653 |a Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 
653 |a Health care 
653 |a Chronic illnesses 
653 |a Chronic infection 
653 |a Metropolitan areas 
653 |a COVID-19 
653 |a Viral diseases 
653 |a Consent 
653 |a Data analysis 
653 |a Thrombosis 
653 |a Medical personnel 
653 |a Primary care 
653 |a Surveys 
653 |a Vaccination 
653 |a Patients 
653 |a Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children 
653 |a Social 
700 1 |a García-Arqué, Mª Carmen  |u Primary Health Care, CAP St. Genís (CST), Carrer Miquel Mumany, 11, 19, 08191 Rubí, Spain; mcgarciaa@cst.cat (M.C.G.-A.); 
700 1 |a Gragea-Nocete Marta  |u Primary Health Care, CAP St. Llàtzer–Centre Universitari (CST), c/ de la Riba 62, 08221 Terrassa, Spain; mgragea@cst.cat 
700 1 |a Llistosella, Maria  |u Primary Health Care, CAP Can Roca (CST), c/ Fàtima 18, 08225 Terrassa, Spain; mllistosella@cst.cat 
700 1 |a Moro-Casasola, Vanessa  |u Primary Health Care, CAP Dr. Joan Planas, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Av Pau Casals, 12, 08755 Castellbisbal, Spain 
700 1 |a Pérez-Díaz, Cristina  |u Primary Health Care, CAP St. Genís (CST), Carrer Miquel Mumany, 11, 19, 08191 Rubí, Spain; mcgarciaa@cst.cat (M.C.G.-A.); 
700 1 |a Puigdellívol-Sánchez, Anna  |u Primary Health Care, CAP Anton de Borja-Centre Universitari, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), c/Marconi-Cantonada Edison s/n, 08191 Rubí, Spain 
700 1 |a Roca-Puig, Ramon  |u Research and Innovation, Hospital de Terrasa-Hospital Universitari (CST), Carretera de Torrebonica s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Spain 
773 0 |t Vaccines  |g vol. 13, no. 9 (2025), p. 905-924 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Biological Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254655155/abstract/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254655155/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254655155/fulltextPDF/embedded/6A8EOT78XXH2IG52?source=fedsrch