The Evolution of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Fly Ash-Treated Sand as a Liquefaction Countermeasure

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Veröffentlicht in:Indian Geotechnical Journal vol. 55, no. 1 (Feb 2025), p. 92
1. Verfasser: Simatupang, Minson
Weitere Verfasser: Edwin, Romy Suryaningrat, Sulha, Sulha, Putra, Heriansyah, Yanto, Dede Heri Yuli
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Springer Nature B.V.
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024 7 |a 10.1007/s40098-024-00917-6  |2 doi 
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100 1 |a Simatupang, Minson  |u University of Halu Oleo, Civil Engineering Department, Kendari, Indonesia (GRID:grid.443562.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 9958 4448) 
245 1 |a The Evolution of the Hydraulic Conductivity of Fly Ash-Treated Sand as a Liquefaction Countermeasure 
260 |b Springer Nature B.V.  |c Feb 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a A soil improvement method that utilizes fly ash as a cementing material for liquefaction countermeasures has been examined. This study investigates the changes in the hydraulic conductivity of sand treated with fly ash, which has prospects for use as a liquefaction countermeasure. By tracking the development of hydraulic conductivity over time, the study seeks to determine how well fly ash mitigates liquefaction. The hydraulic conductivities were investigated through a series of constant head laboratory tests on sand specimens treated at varying proportions of fly ash, degree of saturation during curing, and curing time. The hydraulic conductivity results on treated sand were compared to that on untreated sand to assess the impact of fly ash on permeability reduction. The research findings indicate that adding fly ash to sand significantly reduces hydraulic conductivity compared to untreated sand. Furthermore, the study also shows that fly ash-treated sand’s hydraulic conductivity, k, decreases over time. This evolution is attributed to the pozzolanic reaction over time and the cementitious properties of the fly ash, leading to the formation of a cementitious gel, gradual densification, and a soil structure with reduced permeability. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the long-term behavior of sand treated with 5–10% fly ash as a liquefaction countermeasure. The evolution of hydraulic conductivity highlights the potential for sustained improvement in soil properties, making fly ash an effective solution for mitigating liquefaction hazards in geotechnical engineering and earthquake-prone regions. 
653 |a Earthquakes 
653 |a Curing 
653 |a Evolution 
653 |a Sand 
653 |a Cementing 
653 |a Fly ash 
653 |a Laboratory tests 
653 |a Soil properties 
653 |a Liquefaction 
653 |a Permeability 
653 |a Soil improvement 
653 |a Soil structure 
653 |a Hydraulic conductivity 
653 |a Geotechnical engineering 
653 |a Curing (processing) 
653 |a Moisture content 
653 |a Hazard mitigation 
653 |a Densification 
653 |a Conductivity 
653 |a Soil permeability 
653 |a Density 
653 |a Hydraulics 
653 |a Environmental 
700 1 |a Edwin, Romy Suryaningrat  |u University of Halu Oleo, Civil Engineering Department, Kendari, Indonesia (GRID:grid.443562.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 9958 4448) 
700 1 |a Sulha, Sulha  |u University of Halu Oleo, Civil Engineering Department, Kendari, Indonesia (GRID:grid.443562.2) (ISNI:0000 0000 9958 4448) 
700 1 |a Putra, Heriansyah  |u IPB University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Bogor, Indonesia (GRID:grid.440754.6) (ISNI:0000 0001 0698 0773) 
700 1 |a Yanto, Dede Heri Yuli  |u National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Research Center for Biomaterials, Cibinong, Indonesia (GRID:grid.440754.6) 
773 0 |t Indian Geotechnical Journal  |g vol. 55, no. 1 (Feb 2025), p. 92 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Engineering Database 
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856 4 0 |3 Full Text  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3255138430/fulltext/embedded/H09TXR3UUZB2ISDL?source=fedsrch 
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