Whale optimization-based fractional order control for high-performance grid-connected photovoltaic multilevel inverters: diode-clamped versus T-type MLIs

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Publicado en:Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group) vol. 15, no. 1 (2025), p. 36695-36715
Autor principal: Djellad, Abdelhak
Otros Autores: Dekhane, Azzeddine, Farhat, Maissa, Takruri, Maen, Al-Qaisi, Aws
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Nature Publishing Group
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100 1 |a Djellad, Abdelhak  |u National Higher School of Technology and Engineering, Department of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Automation, 23005, Annaba, Algeria (ROR: https://ror.org/01e536d88); Environmental Research Center (CRE), Annaba, Algeria (ROR: https://ror.org/026ey8z81) 
245 1 |a Whale optimization-based fractional order control for high-performance grid-connected photovoltaic multilevel inverters: diode-clamped versus T-type MLIs 
260 |b Nature Publishing Group  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a This work presents a new integration of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS‑MPC) to optimise Fractional‑Order Proportional–Integral (FOPI) controllers for Multilevel Inverters (MLIs)—a combination hitherto unexplored in the literature. In the proposed hierarchical scheme, the WOA‑tuned FOPI operates in the outer loop to generate highly accurate and adaptive current reference signals, while FCS‑MPC forms the inner loop, predicting the inverter’s behaviour for all possible switching states and selecting the one that minimises a defined cost function. This coordinated outer–inner control design enhances reference tracking accuracy and reduces steady‑state error, leading directly to improved harmonic suppression, voltage regulation, and dynamic stability. The proposed WOA‑FOPI‑FCS‑MPC control achieves a 12–15% reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and a 22% improvement in dynamic stability compared to conventional PI‑based predictive control. Additionally, a systematic comparison between diode‑clamped and T‑type MLIs in a 1 MW PV‑grid system reveals that the T‑type inverter reaches 98.5% efficiency and 1.48% voltage THD at 7‑level operation, offering an optimal trade‑off between switching device count, power quality, and efficiency. Statistical analysis—including mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviation, and computational time—confirms the robustness and consistency of the proposed optimisation, while benchmark function evaluations validate the global search capability of WOA. The results, validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and preliminary experimental tests, demonstrate the method’s strong potential for high performance industrial PV grid integration. 
653 |a Photovoltaics 
653 |a Statistical analysis 
653 |a Alternative energy 
653 |a Power plants 
653 |a Optimization algorithms 
653 |a Renewable resources 
653 |a Efficiency 
653 |a Controllers 
653 |a Voltage 
653 |a Economic 
700 1 |a Dekhane, Azzeddine  |u National Higher School of Technology and Engineering, Department of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Automation, 23005, Annaba, Algeria (ROR: https://ror.org/01e536d88); Environmental Research Center (CRE), Annaba, Algeria (ROR: https://ror.org/026ey8z81) 
700 1 |a Farhat, Maissa  |u School of Engineering, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Building: 75, Seih Al Araibi, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates (ROR: https://ror.org/0440yjn92) (GRID: grid.510262.2) (ISNI: 0000 0004 1761 8907) 
700 1 |a Takruri, Maen  |u College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, 54200, Egaila, Kuwait (ROR: https://ror.org/02gqgne03) (GRID: grid.472279.d) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0418 1945) 
700 1 |a Al-Qaisi, Aws  |u College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, 54200, Egaila, Kuwait (ROR: https://ror.org/02gqgne03) (GRID: grid.472279.d) (ISNI: 0000 0004 0418 1945) 
773 0 |t Scientific Reports (Nature Publisher Group)  |g vol. 15, no. 1 (2025), p. 36695-36715 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Science Database 
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