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nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling

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Argitaratua izan da:Geoscientific Model Development vol. 18, no. 20 (2025), p. 7735-7762
Egile nagusia: Segura, Hans
Beste egile batzuk: Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier, Weiss, Philipp, Müller, Sebastian K., Rackow, Thomas, Lee, Junhong, Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar, Benedict, Imme, Aengenheyster, Matthias, Aguridan, Razvan, Arduini, Gabriele, Baker, Alexander J., Bao, Jiawei, Bastin, Swantje, Baulenas, Eulàlia, Becker, Tobias, Beyer, Sebastian, Bockelmann, Hendryk, Brüggemann, Nils, Brunner, Lukas, Cheedela, Suvarchal K., Das, Sushant, Denissen, Jasper, Dragaud, Ian, Dziekan, Piotr, Ekblom, Madeleine, Engels, Jan Frederik, Esch, Monika, Forbes, Richard, Frauen, Claudia, Freischem, Lilli, García-Maroto, Diego, Geier, Philipp, Gierz, Paul, González-Cervera, Álvaro, Grayson, Katherine, Griffith, Matthew, Gutjahr, Oliver, Haak, Helmuth, Hadade, Ioan, Haslehner, Kerstin, ul Hasson, Shabeh, Hegewald, Jan, Kluft, Lukas, Koldunov, Aleksei, Koldunov, Nikolay, Kölling, Tobias, Koseki, Shunya, Kosukhin, Sergey, Kousal, Josh, Kuma, Peter, Kumar, Arjun U., Li, Rumeng, Maury, Nicolas, Meindl, Maximilian, Milinski, Sebastian, Mogensen, Kristian, Niraula, Bimochan, Nowak, Jakub, Praturi, Divya Sri, Proske, Ulrike, Putrasahan, Dian, Redler, René, Santuy, David, Sármány, Domokos, Schnur, Reiner, Scholz, Patrick, Sidorenko, Dmitry, Spät, Dorian, Sützl, Birgit, Takasuka, Daisuke, Tompkins, Adrian, Uribe, Alejandro, Valentini, Mirco, Veerman, Menno, Voigt, Aiko, Warnau, Sarah, Wachsmann, Fabian, Wacławczyk, Marta, Wedi, Nils, Wieners, Karl-Hermann, Wille, Jonathan, Winkler, Marius, Wu, Yuting, Ziemen, Florian, Zimmermann, Janos, Bender, Frida A.-M., Bojovic, Dragana, Bony, Sandrine, Bordoni, Simona, Brehmer, Patrice, Dengler, Marcus, Dutra, Emanuel, Faye, Saliou, Fischer, Erich, van Heerwaarden, Chiel, Hohenegger, Cathy, Järvinen, Heikki, Jochum, Markus, Jung, Thomas, Jungclaus, Johann H., Keenlyside, Noel S., Klocke, Daniel, Konow, Heike, Klose, Martina, Malinowski, Szymon, Martius, Olivia, Mauritsen, Thorsten, Mellado, Juan Pedro, Mieslinger, Theresa, Mohino, Elsa, Pawłowska, Hanna, Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten, Sarré, Abdoulaye, Sobhani, Pajam, Stier, Philip, Tuppi, Lauri, Vidale, Pier Luigi, Sandu, Irina, Stevens, Bjorn
Argitaratua:
Copernicus GmbH
Gaiak:
Climate change
Agricultural industry
Computation
Ocean models
Climate adaptation
Collaboration
Scale models
Earth
Sea ice
Water balance
Atmosphere
Radiation
Oceans
Climate science
Simulation
Modelling
Data structures
Climate change adaptation
Digital twins
Climate change research
Environmental
Sarrera elektronikoa:Citation/Abstract
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022 |a 1991-962X 
022 |a 1991-9603 
024 7 |a 10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025  |2 doi 
035 |a 3264015758 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 123629  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a Segura, Hans  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
245 1 |a nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling 
260 |b Copernicus GmbH  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a The Next Generation of Earth Modeling Systems (nextGEMS) project aimed to produce multidecadal climate simulations, for the first time, with resolved kilometer-scale (km-scale) processes in the ocean, land, and atmosphere. In only 3 years, nextGEMS achieved this milestone with the two km-scale Earth system models, ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model (ICON) and Integrated Forecasting System coupled to the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (IFS-FESOM). nextGEMS was based on three cornerstones: (1) developing km-scale Earth system models with small errors in the energy and water balance, (2) performing km-scale climate simulations with a throughput greater than 1 simulated year per day, and (3) facilitating new workflows for an efficient analysis of the large simulations with common data structures and output variables. These cornerstones shaped the timeline of nextGEMS, divided into four cycles. Each cycle marked the release of a new configuration of ICON and IFS-FESOM, which were evaluated at hackathons. The hackathon participants included experts from climate science, software engineering, and high-performance computing as well as users from the energy and agricultural sectors. The continuous efforts over the four cycles allowed us to produce 30-year simulations with ICON and IFS-FESOM, spanning the period 2020–2049 under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. The throughput was about 500 simulated days per day on the Levante supercomputer of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The simulations employed a horizontal grid of about 5 km resolution in the ocean and 10 km resolution in the atmosphere and land. Aside from this technical achievement, the simulations allowed us to gain new insights into the realism of ICON and IFS-FESOM. Beyond its time frame, nextGEMS builds the foundation of the Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin developed in the Destination Earth initiative and paves the way for future European research on climate change. 
653 |a Climate change 
653 |a Agricultural industry 
653 |a Computation 
653 |a Ocean models 
653 |a Climate adaptation 
653 |a Collaboration 
653 |a Scale models 
653 |a Earth 
653 |a Sea ice 
653 |a Water balance 
653 |a Atmosphere 
653 |a Radiation 
653 |a Oceans 
653 |a Climate science 
653 |a Simulation 
653 |a Modelling 
653 |a Data structures 
653 |a Climate change adaptation 
653 |a Digital twins 
653 |a Climate change research 
653 |a Environmental 
700 1 |a Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Weiss, Philipp  |u Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 
700 1 |a Müller, Sebastian K.  |u University of Trento, Trento, Italy 
700 1 |a Rackow, Thomas  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Lee, Junhong  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar  |u Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 
700 1 |a Benedict, Imme  |u Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands 
700 1 |a Aengenheyster, Matthias  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Aguridan, Razvan  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany; Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain 
700 1 |a Arduini, Gabriele  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Baker, Alexander J.  |u National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom 
700 1 |a Bao, Jiawei  |u Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria 
700 1 |a Bastin, Swantje  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Baulenas, Eulàlia  |u Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain 
700 1 |a Becker, Tobias  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Beyer, Sebastian  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a Bockelmann, Hendryk  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Brüggemann, Nils  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Brunner, Lukas  |u Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Cheedela, Suvarchal K.  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a Das, Sushant  |u Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India 
700 1 |a Denissen, Jasper  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Dragaud, Ian  |u Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Dziekan, Piotr  |u Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 
700 1 |a Ekblom, Madeleine  |u Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 
700 1 |a Engels, Jan Frederik  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Esch, Monika  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Forbes, Richard  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Frauen, Claudia  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Freischem, Lilli  |u Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 
700 1 |a García-Maroto, Diego  |u Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 
700 1 |a Geier, Philipp  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Gierz, Paul  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a González-Cervera, Álvaro  |u Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 
700 1 |a Grayson, Katherine  |u Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain 
700 1 |a Griffith, Matthew  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Gutjahr, Oliver  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Haak, Helmuth  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Hadade, Ioan  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Haslehner, Kerstin  |u Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 
700 1 |a ul Hasson, Shabeh  |u HAREME Lab, Earth and Society Research Hub (ESRAH), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Hegewald, Jan  |u Gauß-IT-Zentrum, Braunschweig University of Technology (GITZ), Braunschweig, Germany 
700 1 |a Kluft, Lukas  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Koldunov, Aleksei  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a Koldunov, Nikolay  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a Kölling, Tobias  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Koseki, Shunya  |u Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 
700 1 |a Kosukhin, Sergey  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Kousal, Josh  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Kuma, Peter  |u Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 
700 1 |a Kumar, Arjun U.  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Li, Rumeng  |u Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany 
700 1 |a Maury, Nicolas  |u LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France 
700 1 |a Meindl, Maximilian  |u Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 
700 1 |a Milinski, Sebastian  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Mogensen, Kristian  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Niraula, Bimochan  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Nowak, Jakub  |u Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 
700 1 |a Praturi, Divya Sri  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Proske, Ulrike  |u Hydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands 
700 1 |a Putrasahan, Dian  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Redler, René  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Santuy, David  |u Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 
700 1 |a Sármány, Domokos  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Schnur, Reiner  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Scholz, Patrick  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a Sidorenko, Dmitry  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a Spät, Dorian  |u Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 
700 1 |a Sützl, Birgit  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Takasuka, Daisuke  |u Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan 
700 1 |a Tompkins, Adrian  |u Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy 
700 1 |a Uribe, Alejandro  |u Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 
700 1 |a Valentini, Mirco  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Veerman, Menno  |u Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands 
700 1 |a Voigt, Aiko  |u Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 
700 1 |a Warnau, Sarah  |u Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands 
700 1 |a Wachsmann, Fabian  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Wacławczyk, Marta  |u Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 
700 1 |a Wedi, Nils  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Wieners, Karl-Hermann  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Wille, Jonathan  |u Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 
700 1 |a Winkler, Marius  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Wu, Yuting  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Ziemen, Florian  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Zimmermann, Janos  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Bender, Frida A.-M.  |u Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 
700 1 |a Bojovic, Dragana  |u Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain 
700 1 |a Bony, Sandrine  |u LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France 
700 1 |a Bordoni, Simona  |u University of Trento, Trento, Italy 
700 1 |a Brehmer, Patrice  |u Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal 
700 1 |a Dengler, Marcus  |u GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany 
700 1 |a Dutra, Emanuel  |u Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal 
700 1 |a Faye, Saliou  |u Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar, Senegal 
700 1 |a Fischer, Erich  |u Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 
700 1 |a van Heerwaarden, Chiel  |u Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands 
700 1 |a Hohenegger, Cathy  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Järvinen, Heikki  |u Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 
700 1 |a Jochum, Markus  |u Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 
700 1 |a Jung, Thomas  |u Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany 
700 1 |a Jungclaus, Johann H.  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Keenlyside, Noel S.  |u Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 
700 1 |a Klocke, Daniel  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Konow, Heike  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Klose, Martina  |u Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany 
700 1 |a Malinowski, Szymon  |u Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 
700 1 |a Martius, Olivia  |u Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland 
700 1 |a Mauritsen, Thorsten  |u Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden 
700 1 |a Mellado, Juan Pedro  |u Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Mieslinger, Theresa  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Mohino, Elsa  |u Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain 
700 1 |a Pawłowska, Hanna  |u Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland 
700 1 |a Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten  |u German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Sarré, Abdoulaye  |u Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar, Senegal 
700 1 |a Sobhani, Pajam  |u Latest Thinking GmbH, Hamburg, Germany 
700 1 |a Stier, Philip  |u Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 
700 1 |a Tuppi, Lauri  |u Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 
700 1 |a Vidale, Pier Luigi  |u National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom 
700 1 |a Sandu, Irina  |u European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany 
700 1 |a Stevens, Bjorn  |u Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 
773 0 |t Geoscientific Model Development  |g vol. 18, no. 20 (2025), p. 7735-7762 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Engineering Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3264015758/abstract/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3264015758/fulltext/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3264015758/fulltextPDF/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch