Relative importance of biotic, abiotic and stand age factors in influencing ecosystem multifunctionality across forest stand types in South Korea

I tiakina i:
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I whakaputaina i:Frontiers in Forests and Global Change vol. 8 (Oct 2025), p. 1675167-1675179
Kaituhi matua: Lee, Min-Ki
Ētahi atu kaituhi: Chun, Jung-Hwa, Lee, Chang-Bae
I whakaputaina:
Frontiers Media SA
Ngā marau:
Urunga tuihono:Citation/Abstract
Full Text + Graphics
Full Text - PDF
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022 |a 2624-893X 
024 7 |a 10.3389/ffgc.2025.1675167  |2 doi 
035 |a 3265454205 
045 2 |b d20251001  |b d20251031 
100 1 |a Lee, Min-Ki  |u Department of Forest Resources, Kookmin University, Republic of Korea 
245 1 |a Relative importance of biotic, abiotic and stand age factors in influencing ecosystem multifunctionality across forest stand types in South Korea 
260 |b Frontiers Media SA  |c Oct 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a Introduction: In order to effectively manage ecosystems, it is important to understand how the structure and function of the ecosystem are measured and interpreted, and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) is being used as an important indicator for providing sustainable ecosystem functions and managing qualitative stability. The objective of this study is to examine the biotic and abiotic mechanisms underlying the production and regulation of EMF within various forest stand types.Methods: To this end, we assessed the influence of biotic (tree species, functional, and stand structural diversity of trees), abiotic (elevation, aridity index), and stand age (mean age of the five dominant trees per plot) factors on EMF. A total of 2,859 natural forest plots—comprising coniferous, broadleaved, and mixed stands—were analyzed based on data from the 7th National Forest Inventory of South Korea. To determine the major factors influencing EMF, we applied a multi-model inference approach along with piecewise structural equation modeling.Results: Our results suggest that higher plant biodiversity was positively associated with EMF. In addition, older forests exhibit greater stand structural diversity, which in turn enhances the maintenance of EMF. The analysis of abiotic factors revealed that EMF increased with elevation. Furthermore, variables related to plant water stress consistently had negative direct and indirect effects across all forest stand types. Finally, the mechanisms controlling EMF differed among forest stand types.Discussion: These findings suggest that promoting forest succession, maintaining biodiversity, and enhancing stand structural diversity are essential forest management strategies for improving EMF. Furthermore, since the controlling factors of EMF varied among forest stand types, forest-type specific management strategies are required. Lastly, this study provides valuable insights for guiding sustainable forest management that enhances both EMF and specific ecosystem functions, while supporting human well-being. 
651 4 |a South Korea 
653 |a Forest management 
653 |a Stand structure 
653 |a Age factors 
653 |a Water stress 
653 |a Sustainability management 
653 |a Ecological succession 
653 |a Topography 
653 |a Coniferous forests 
653 |a Biodiversity 
653 |a Age 
653 |a Hydrology 
653 |a Sustainable ecosystems 
653 |a Ecological function 
653 |a Plant species 
653 |a Forests 
653 |a Ecosystems 
653 |a Abiotic factors 
653 |a Trees 
653 |a Sustainable forestry 
653 |a Precipitation 
653 |a Carbon sequestration 
653 |a Low frequency 
653 |a Hypotheses 
653 |a Ecosystem management 
653 |a National forests 
653 |a Plant diversity 
653 |a Structure-function relationships 
653 |a Electromagnetic fields 
653 |a Aridity 
653 |a Environmental 
700 1 |a Chun, Jung-Hwa  |u Forest Ecology Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Republic of Korea 
700 1 |a Lee, Chang-Bae  |u Department of Forest Resources, Kookmin University, Republic of Korea 
773 0 |t Frontiers in Forests and Global Change  |g vol. 8 (Oct 2025), p. 1675167-1675179 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Agriculture Science Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3265454205/abstract/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3265454205/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3265454205/fulltextPDF/embedded/7BTGNMKEMPT1V9Z2?source=fedsrch