Standard setting for dental knowledge tests: reproducibility of the modified Angoff and Ebel method across judges

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Publicado en:BMC Medical Education vol. 25 (2025), p. 1-14
Autor principal: Ting Khee Ho
Otros Autores: Noor Lide Abu Kassim, Lucy O’Malley, Reza Vahid Roudsari
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Springer Nature B.V.
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Acceso en línea:Citation/Abstract
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100 1 |a Ting Khee Ho 
245 1 |a Standard setting for dental knowledge tests: reproducibility of the modified Angoff and Ebel method across judges 
260 |b Springer Nature B.V.  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a IntroductionCriterion-referenced standard setting methods establish passing scores based on predefined competency levels. The credibility of these scores must be supported by validity evidence. This study evaluated the reproducibility of modified Angoff and Ebel standards across different test formats and panels in dental assessments. Inter-rater reliability for each method was also assessed.MethodsTwelve judges, selected via purposive sampling, were divided into two equal groups representing various specialisms. Each panel applied modified Angoff and Ebel methods to set standards for one-best answer (OBA) and short answer question (SAQ) items. Method replicability across panels was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U-test to compare passing scores between Groups A and B. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test compared passing scores between modified Angoff and Ebel within groups. Inter-rater reliability was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient for modified Angoff and Fleiss’ kappa for Ebel. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsThe median (IQR) years of teaching experience were 14.0 (17.0) for Group A judges and 21.5 (18.0) for Group B judges. In Group A, median (IQR) passing scores using modified Angoff were 49.75 (3.31) for OBA and 51.75 (6.13) for SAQ, with statistical no significant differences (p > 0.05) from Ebel OBA 47.38 (2.02), SAQ 49.50 (5.38). In Group B, modified Angoff passing scores were significantly higher than Ebel (p < 0.05): modified Angoff OBA 66.12 (3.31), SAQ 58.00 (7.50); Ebel OBA 55.92 (2.73), SAQ 49.50 (8.25). Passing scores were consistent across panels for SAQ but not for OBA. Inter-rater agreement, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Fleiss’ kappa were higher in Group A across both methods.ConclusionReproducibility of modified Angoff and Ebel standards across panels was mixed. Passing scores were consistent across judges for SAQ but varied for OBA in both methods. Group A showed consistency between modified Angoff and Ebel standards, whereas Group B had differing passing scores between both standards. These findings should be carefully considered when establishing defensible and reliable passing standards for dental knowledge assessments. 
610 4 |a National Board of Medical Examiners 
651 4 |a Malaysia 
653 |a Standards 
653 |a Medical education 
653 |a Workshops 
653 |a Dental care 
653 |a Candidates 
653 |a Feedback 
653 |a Validity 
653 |a Educational objectives 
653 |a Hypotheses 
653 |a Methods 
653 |a Dentistry 
653 |a Reproducibility 
653 |a Medical examiners 
653 |a Minimum Competency Testing 
653 |a Cutting Scores 
653 |a Standard Setting 
653 |a Item Response Theory 
653 |a Competence 
653 |a Test Format 
653 |a Inferences 
653 |a Standard Setting (Scoring) 
653 |a Meetings 
653 |a Individual Testing 
653 |a Minimum Competencies 
653 |a Licensing Examinations (Professions) 
653 |a Test Items 
653 |a Examiners 
653 |a Ethics 
653 |a Student Evaluation 
653 |a Alternative Assessment 
653 |a Feedback (Response) 
653 |a Test Interpretation 
653 |a Educational Assessment 
653 |a Dental Evaluation 
653 |a Summative Evaluation 
653 |a Outcomes of Education 
700 1 |a Noor Lide Abu Kassim 
700 1 |a Lucy O’Malley 
700 1 |a Reza Vahid Roudsari 
773 0 |t BMC Medical Education  |g vol. 25 (2025), p. 1-14 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Healthcare Administration Database 
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