Metal layer depletion during the super substorm on 4 November 2021
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| Publicado en: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics vol. 25, no. 21 (2025), p. 14763-14776 |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Otros Autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Publicado: |
Copernicus GmbH
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| Acceso en línea: | Citation/Abstract Full Text Full Text - PDF |
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| 024 | 7 | |a 10.5194/acp-25-14763-2025 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a 3268540327 | ||
| 045 | 2 | |b d20251101 |b d20251114 | |
| 084 | |a 123615 |2 nlm | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Chen, Gang |u School of Earth and Space Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China | |
| 245 | 1 | |a Metal layer depletion during the super substorm on 4 November 2021 | |
| 260 | |b Copernicus GmbH |c 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a Metal layer forms as a result of meteoric ablation and exist as a layer of metal elements between approximately 80 and 105 km altitude, and it provides information about the physics and chemistry of the boundary between the atmosphere and space. There are some studies about the wind field disturbances in Mesosphere and Low Thermosphere (MLT) region and the plasma variations in ionospheric E-region during magnetic storms, but no study on the impact of storms on the metal atom layers in mesosphere. During the super substorm on 4 November 2021, the atmospheric metal layers were observed to decrease by observations from three lidars at the mid-latitudes of China. The Na, Ca and Ni densities on the storm day were significantly lower than in other days in October and November. The <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M1"><mml:mrow class="chem"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> column density ratio observed by the Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) on the storm day was much higher than on quiet days, and the numerical simulation results demonstrate a substantial increase in atomic oxygen density at the heights of the metal layer. The increase in oxygen density may lead to the formation of more metal compounds, thus more metal atoms are consumed. This is an interesting phenomenon that magnetic storm can perturb the atmospheric metal layer through chemical reactions. | |
| 653 | |a E region | ||
| 653 | |a Mesosphere | ||
| 653 | |a Wind fields | ||
| 653 | |a Chemical reactions | ||
| 653 | |a Metals | ||
| 653 | |a Heavy metals | ||
| 653 | |a Ablation | ||
| 653 | |a Altitude | ||
| 653 | |a Thermosphere | ||
| 653 | |a Physics | ||
| 653 | |a Ionosphere | ||
| 653 | |a Atomic oxygen | ||
| 653 | |a General circulation models | ||
| 653 | |a Lower mantle | ||
| 653 | |a Storms | ||
| 653 | |a Magnetic storms | ||
| 653 | |a Metal compounds | ||
| 653 | |a Numerical simulations | ||
| 653 | |a Lasers | ||
| 653 | |a Density ratio | ||
| 653 | |a Meteors & meteorites | ||
| 653 | |a Geomagnetic storms | ||
| 653 | |a Ultraviolet imagery | ||
| 653 | |a Mathematical models | ||
| 653 | |a Atoms & subatomic particles | ||
| 653 | |a Oxygen | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Xu, Yimeng |u School of Earth and Space Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yang, Guotao |u National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Shaodong |u School of Earth and Space Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Ren, Zhipeng |u Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hu, Pengfei |u School of Earth and Space Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Yu, Tingting |u Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Wu, Fuju |u School of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Du, Lifang |u National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zheng, Haoran |u National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cheng, Xuewu |u Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Li, Faquan |u Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Min |u School of Earth and Space Science and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |g vol. 25, no. 21 (2025), p. 14763-14776 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3268540327/abstract/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3268540327/fulltext/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3268540327/fulltextPDF/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch |