Integrating historical archives and geospatial data to revise flood estimation equations for Philippine rivers
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| Publicado en: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences vol. 29, no. 21 (2025), p. 6181-6201 |
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| 001 | 3270751617 | ||
| 003 | UK-CbPIL | ||
| 022 | |a 1027-5606 | ||
| 022 | |a 1607-7938 | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.5194/hess-29-6181-2025 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a 3270751617 | ||
| 045 | 2 | |b d20250101 |b d20251231 | |
| 084 | |a 123631 |2 nlm | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Hoey, Trevor B. |u Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom | |
| 245 | 1 | |a Integrating historical archives and geospatial data to revise flood estimation equations for Philippine rivers | |
| 260 | |b Copernicus GmbH |c 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a Flood magnitude and frequency estimation are essential for the design of structural and nature-based flood risk management interventions and water resources planning. However, the global geography of hydrological observations is uneven, with many regions, especially in the Global South, having spatially and temporally sparse data that limit the choice of statistical methods for flood estimation. To address this data scarcity, we pool all available annual maximum flood data for the Philippines to estimate flood magnitudes at the national scale. Available river discharge data were collected from publications covering 842 sites, with data spanning from 1908 to 2018. Of these, 466 sites met criteria for reliable estimation of the annual maximum flood. Using the index flood approach, a range of controls was assessed at both national and regional scales using modern land cover and rainfall data sets, as well as geospatial catchment characteristics. Predictive equations for 2 to 100 year recurrence interval floods using only catchment area as a predictor have <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">0.59</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. Adding a rainfall variable, the median annual maximum 1 d rainfall, increases <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> to between 0.56 for <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">100</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> and 0.66 for <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. Very few other topographic or land use variables were significant when added to multiple regression equations. Relatively low <inline-formula><mml:math display="inline" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>R</mml:mi><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula> values in flood predictions are typical of studies from tropical regions. Although the Philippines exhibits regional climate variability, residuals from national predictive equations show limited spatial structure, and region-specific equations do not significantly outperform the national equations. The predictive equations are suitable for use as design equations in ungauged catchments for the Philippines, but statistical uncertainties must be reported. Our approach demonstrates how combining individually short historical records, after careful screening and exclusion of unreliable data, can generate large data sets that can produce consistent results. Extension of continuous flood records by continuous and rated monitoring is required to reduce uncertainties. However, the national-scale consistency in our results suggests that extrapolation from a small number of carefully selected catchments could provide nationally reliable predictive equations with reduced uncertainties. | |
| 610 | 4 | |a Bureau of Research | |
| 651 | 4 | |a United Kingdom--UK | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Indonesia | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Thailand | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Papua New Guinea | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Philippines | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Luzon | |
| 653 | |a Geography | ||
| 653 | |a Climate variability | ||
| 653 | |a Datasets | ||
| 653 | |a Watersheds | ||
| 653 | |a Estimates | ||
| 653 | |a Water resources planning | ||
| 653 | |a Rivers | ||
| 653 | |a Hydrologic observations | ||
| 653 | |a Water levels | ||
| 653 | |a Risk management | ||
| 653 | |a Land use | ||
| 653 | |a Flood risk | ||
| 653 | |a Uncertainty | ||
| 653 | |a River flow | ||
| 653 | |a Climate change | ||
| 653 | |a Archives & records | ||
| 653 | |a Catchment areas | ||
| 653 | |a Water resources | ||
| 653 | |a Frequency estimation | ||
| 653 | |a Precipitation | ||
| 653 | |a Spatial data | ||
| 653 | |a Flood forecasting | ||
| 653 | |a Tropical environment | ||
| 653 | |a River discharge | ||
| 653 | |a Land cover | ||
| 653 | |a Regional climates | ||
| 653 | |a Statistical methods | ||
| 653 | |a Annual rainfall | ||
| 653 | |a Floods | ||
| 653 | |a Stream flow | ||
| 653 | |a Flood predictions | ||
| 653 | |a Statistics | ||
| 653 | |a Catchments | ||
| 653 | |a Rainfall data | ||
| 653 | |a Flood management | ||
| 653 | |a Water discharge | ||
| 653 | |a Flood magnitude | ||
| 653 | |a Rainfall | ||
| 653 | |a Flood estimation | ||
| 653 | |a Maximum probable flood | ||
| 653 | |a Tropical environments | ||
| 653 | |a Hydrology | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental risk | ||
| 653 | |a Hydrologic data | ||
| 653 | |a Statistical analysis | ||
| 653 | |a Flood data | ||
| 653 | |a Regional differences | ||
| 653 | |a Environmental | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Tolentino, Pamela Louise M. |u School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Diliman, the Philippines | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Guardian, Esmael |u National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Diliman, the Philippines | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Perez, John Edward G. |u National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Diliman, the Philippines; University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Williams, Richard D. |u School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; Earth Sciences New Zealand, Kirikiriroa / Hamilton, 3216, Aotearoa / New Zealand | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Boothroyd, Richard |u Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZT, United Kingdom | |
| 700 | 1 | |a David, Carlos Primo C. |u National Institute of Geological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Diliman, the Philippines | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Paringit, Enrico C. |u Department of Geodetic Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, the Philippines; Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development, Manila, the Philippines | |
| 773 | 0 | |t Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |g vol. 29, no. 21 (2025), p. 6181-6201 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Engineering Database | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270751617/abstract/embedded/ZKJTFFSVAI7CB62C?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270751617/fulltext/embedded/ZKJTFFSVAI7CB62C?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270751617/fulltextPDF/embedded/ZKJTFFSVAI7CB62C?source=fedsrch |