Assessing Aedes mosquito larval indicators, dengue virus infection rates, and risk factors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Insights for improved vector control strategies
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| Publicado en: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases vol. 19, no. 7 (Jul 2025), p. e0013252 |
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| Acceso en línea: | Citation/Abstract Full Text Full Text - PDF |
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MARC
| LEADER | 00000nab a2200000uu 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | 3270866708 | ||
| 003 | UK-CbPIL | ||
| 022 | |a 1935-2727 | ||
| 022 | |a 1935-2735 | ||
| 024 | 7 | |a 10.1371/journal.pntd.0013252 |2 doi | |
| 035 | |a 3270866708 | ||
| 045 | 2 | |b d20250701 |b d20250731 | |
| 084 | |a 174834 |2 nlm | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Khan, Jehangir | |
| 245 | 1 | |a Assessing <i>Aedes</i> mosquito larval indicators, dengue virus infection rates, and risk factors in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Insights for improved vector control strategies | |
| 260 | |b Public Library of Science |c Jul 2025 | ||
| 513 | |a Journal Article | ||
| 520 | 3 | |a BackgroundEffective dengue management hinges on targeting key vector breeding sites and understanding transmission risks. Despite recurring outbreaks in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Province since 2013, comprehensive entomological and virological data remain scarce. This study identified key larval-based indicators (habitats, Stegomyia indices), mosquito species composition, and dengue virus (DENV) infection rates in Aedes mosquitoes, evaluating their contributions to outbreak risk.Methodology/principal findingsFrom July to December 2021, a cross-sectional larval survey of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus was conducted across epidemiologically high-risk KP districts, inspecting water-holding containers located indoors, outdoors, and on rooftops. Additionally, adult mosquitoes were collected using aspirators and nets, with weekly dengue case data sourced from Peshawar’s Directorate of Health Services. A subsample of 200 adult mosquito pools (20 per district) underwent RT-PCR to determine minimum infection rates (MIR). Larval indices revealed a House Index (HI) of 19.4%, a Container Index (CI) of 20.4%, and a Breteau Index (BI) of 89%. Aedes aegypti was the dominant species, accounting for 62% of larvae and 67.8% of adult mosquitoes. Peshawar (BI = 89.3), Nowshera (BI = 71.4), and Mardan (BI = 57) reported the highest Breteau indices and corresponding dengue case counts: 2,584 (48.8%), 404 (7.6%), and 327 (6.2%), respectively. The peak larval positivity was recorded in October (29.3%) and September (24.7%), aligning with dengue patient hospitalization rates of 52.8% and 46.8%, respectively. Common breeding sites included indoor flowerpots (25.4%), outdoor rubber tyres (16%), and roof tap water (23.7%). Container type and location significantly (P < 0.00) predicted larval abundance. Regression analysis revealed significant associations between dengue incidence, population density, and stegomyia indices. Of 38 positive pools (19%), DENV-2 and DENV-3 predominated (47.4% each), with peak MIRs recorded in Peshawar (30), Mardan (25), and Haripur (25).Conclusions/significanceHigh larval indices and dual-serotype circulation in adaptable Aedes vectors signal substantial outbreak risk in KP. These findings underscore the need for targeted vector strategies, focusing on containers with the highest breeding potentials and epidemiological significance, particularly in high-transmission areas. Further molecular and entomological investigations are critical to corroborate these findings and inform more effective interventions. | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Peshawar Pakistan | |
| 651 | 4 | |a China | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Hainan China | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Pakistan | |
| 653 | |a Epidemiology | ||
| 653 | |a Population density | ||
| 653 | |a Species composition | ||
| 653 | |a Regression analysis | ||
| 653 | |a Mosquitoes | ||
| 653 | |a Tires | ||
| 653 | |a Outbreaks | ||
| 653 | |a Dengue fever | ||
| 653 | |a Larvae | ||
| 653 | |a Dominant species | ||
| 653 | |a Health services | ||
| 653 | |a Containers | ||
| 653 | |a Human diseases | ||
| 653 | |a Risk factors | ||
| 653 | |a Public health | ||
| 653 | |a PCR | ||
| 653 | |a Vectors | ||
| 653 | |a Vector-borne diseases | ||
| 653 | |a Surveillance | ||
| 653 | |a Infections | ||
| 653 | |a Breeding sites | ||
| 653 | |a Displaced persons | ||
| 653 | |a Community composition | ||
| 653 | |a Aquatic insects | ||
| 653 | |a Drinking water | ||
| 653 | |a Epidemics | ||
| 653 | |a Pest outbreaks | ||
| 653 | |a Vectors (Biology) | ||
| 653 | |a Nucleotide sequence | ||
| 653 | |a Aedes aegypti | ||
| 653 | |a Social | ||
| 653 | |a Culicidae | ||
| 653 | |a Aedes | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Muhammad Adil | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Tsheten, Tsheten | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Manrique-Saide, Pablo | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Zhang, Dongjing | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Aziz, Abdul | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Lv, Zhiyue | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Chen, Tao | |
| 773 | 0 | |t PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |g vol. 19, no. 7 (Jul 2025), p. e0013252 | |
| 786 | 0 | |d ProQuest |t Health & Medical Collection | |
| 856 | 4 | 1 | |3 Citation/Abstract |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270866708/abstract/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270866708/fulltext/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |3 Full Text - PDF |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3270866708/fulltextPDF/embedded/CH9WPLCLQHQD1J4S?source=fedsrch |