Decision Support for Cargo Pickup and Delivery Under Uncertainty: A Combined Agent-Based Simulation and Optimization Approach

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Wydane w:Computers vol. 14, no. 11 (2025), p. 462-492
1. autor: Moreno Renan Paula Ramos
Kolejni autorzy: Lopes, Rui Borges, Ramos, Ana Luísa, Vasconcelos Ferreira José, Correia Diogo, de Melo Igor Eduardo Santos
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MDPI AG
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100 1 |a Moreno Renan Paula Ramos  |u Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; renanprm@ua.pt (R.P.R.M.); aramos@ua.pt (A.L.R.); josev@ua.pt (J.V.F.); diogo.correia@ua.pt (D.C.) 
245 1 |a Decision Support for Cargo Pickup and Delivery Under Uncertainty: A Combined Agent-Based Simulation and Optimization Approach 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a This article introduces an innovative hybrid methodology that integrates deterministic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming optimization with stochastic Agent-Based Simulation to address the PDP-TW. The approach is applied to real-world operational data from a luggage-handling company in Lisbon, covering 158 service requests from January 2025. The MILP model generates optimal routing and task allocation plans, which are subsequently stress-tested under realistic uncertainties, such as variability in travel and service times, using ABS implemented in AnyLogic. The framework is iterative: violations of temporal or capacity constraints identified during the simulation are fed back into the optimization model, enabling successive adjustments until robust and feasible solutions are achieved for real-world scenarios. Additionally, the study incorporates transshipment scenarios, evaluating the impact of using warehouses as temporary hubs for order redistribution. Results include a comparative analysis between deterministic and stochastic models regarding operational efficiency, time window adherence, reduction in travel distances, and potential decreases in CO2 emissions. This work provides a contribution to the literature by proposing a practical and robust decision-support framework aligned with contemporary demands for sustainability and efficiency in urban logistics, overcoming the limitations of purely deterministic approaches by explicitly reflecting real-world uncertainties. 
653 |a Simulation 
653 |a Decision support systems 
653 |a Linear programming 
653 |a Integer programming 
653 |a Emissions 
653 |a Planning 
653 |a Genetic algorithms 
653 |a Optimization 
653 |a Decision making 
653 |a Stochastic models 
653 |a Electronic commerce 
653 |a Literature reviews 
653 |a Mixed integer 
653 |a Robustness (mathematics) 
653 |a Logistics 
653 |a Baggage handling 
653 |a Uncertainty 
653 |a Efficiency 
653 |a Optimization models 
653 |a Vehicles 
700 1 |a Lopes, Rui Borges  |u Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; renanprm@ua.pt (R.P.R.M.); aramos@ua.pt (A.L.R.); josev@ua.pt (J.V.F.); diogo.correia@ua.pt (D.C.) 
700 1 |a Ramos, Ana Luísa  |u Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; renanprm@ua.pt (R.P.R.M.); aramos@ua.pt (A.L.R.); josev@ua.pt (J.V.F.); diogo.correia@ua.pt (D.C.) 
700 1 |a Vasconcelos Ferreira José  |u Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; renanprm@ua.pt (R.P.R.M.); aramos@ua.pt (A.L.R.); josev@ua.pt (J.V.F.); diogo.correia@ua.pt (D.C.) 
700 1 |a Correia Diogo  |u Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; renanprm@ua.pt (R.P.R.M.); aramos@ua.pt (A.L.R.); josev@ua.pt (J.V.F.); diogo.correia@ua.pt (D.C.) 
700 1 |a de Melo Igor Eduardo Santos  |u Industrial Engineering Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 5th Floor, Porto Alegre 90035-190, Brazil; igor.eduardo@ufrgs.br 
773 0 |t Computers  |g vol. 14, no. 11 (2025), p. 462-492 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database 
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