Transformation of the Labor Market in the Context of Ensuring the Economic Security of the State
محفوظ في:
| الحاوية / القاعدة: | PQDT - Global (2025) |
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ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
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| الوصول للمادة أونلاين: | Citation/Abstract Full Text - PDF |
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| مستخلص: | Based on a bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database using the VOSviewer software, the scientific research on the functioning of the labor market for the period 2010–2023 has been systematized, which made it possible to identify a steady increase in academic interest in this issue. The growing interest is linked to the impact of global transformations and political and socio-economic challenges, particularly the war in Ukraine and the migration processes it triggered, especially in European countries.Based on the systematization of the scientific work of Ukrainian researchers, basic approaches to interpreting the substantive essence of the category «labor market» have been identified, as a system for forming various types of relations: 1) social relations; 2) socio-economic relations; 3) socio-labor relations, and it should also take into account the economic and legal approach.It is proposed to consider the labor market as a fundamental socio-economic category that reflects a system of socio-economic relations between economic agents concerning the provision of labor resources for social production processes, reduction of unemployment, reproduction, and effective use of the workforce to improve workers’ material well-being.A systematization of the functions of the labor market was carried out, resulting in their grouping into two blocks: basic and transformational (digitalization, ecological, stabilization, globalization, innovation, gender equality, integration of flexible forms of employment). Unlike existing approaches, this classification reflects the latest vectors of labor market development influenced by globalization, technological, environmental, demographic, and security factors, and contributes to the formation of a structurally balanced, adaptive, and strategically renewable labor market.The study systematizes a structural and logical framework of the labor market, which is defined as a polystructural system encompassing the interaction of objects, subjects, legal and institutional frameworks, as well as a system of levers of influence. The key levers of influence defining the dynamics of labor market development are identified. A separate group of levers triggered by martial law has been distinguished (forced migration, mobilization, reservation of employees, regional imbalance of labor resources, changes in labor legislation, relocation of enterprises), which justified the need for constant institutional and regulatory adjustments.A systematic assessment of the factors shaping its dynamics is critically important to understand the functioning of the labor market under modern challenges, particularly under martial law. In this work, these factors are proposed to be classified by origin, domain, nature, time horizon, scale, orientation, and controllability. Unlike existing classifications, all factors are described from the perspective of their transformation and manifestation under martial law. This approach allows for a comprehensive evaluation of the multidimensionality of transformational processes in the labor market, as well as the identification of new risk zones caused by war-related threats, socio-economic instability, and regional disparities. It also enables the formation of scientifically substantiated directions for adapting employment policy to a crisis economy. Besides, this approach facilitates the timely assessment and forecasting of labor market transformations under wartime and post-war instability conditions.The dissertation also explores economic concepts developed in the works of prominent economists. It proves that each theory has significantly contributed to the formation of a comprehensive understanding of the role, importance, and mechanisms of labor market functioning in the economy. Analyzing existing models of labor market functioning and assessing their strengths and weaknesses leads to the conclusion that a hybrid model has emerged in Ukraine. Its formation is confirmed by the carried out periodization of the domestic labor market's development and identified development stages that reflect the specific nature of transformational changes influenced by internal and external environmental factors.A flowchart for analyzing the state and development of the labor market in Ukraine is proposed. It enables the diagnosis of quantitative and qualitative labor market indicators, the assessment of structural shifts, and the establishment of existing trends and interconnections within the labor market to justify effective managerial decisions for the optimal use of labor resources to achieve labor market balance.The research results confirmed that the current state of Ukraine's labor market is characterized by several key trends that significantly affect its development. These include a decline in the labor force, reduced level of economic activity among the population, an imbalance between labor supply and demand, the spread of informal employment, an increase in labor migration, gender disparities, and structural shifts in employment across various economic sectors. It is noted that sectoral transformations in Ukraine's labor market during 2010–2021 were marked by low dynamics, indicating an inertial nature of structural changes in the economy.A content-contextual analysis of the concept of economic security of the state allowed the formation of several scientific approaches: conditional-factor, stabilization-quality, static, national interest protection, and resource-provision approaches. Taking into account different interpretations, the study views economic security of the state as a complex, multifactorial category that reflects the condition of the national economy in terms of its ability to withstand endogenous and exogenous threats, ensure external independence and internal stability, maintain the consistent implementation of the national interests, ensure the effective functioning of economic agents, and guarantee a decent standard of living for the population.A bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on the relationship between the labor market and the state's economic security showed that the number of publications in this field increased by 2.8 times from 2010 to 2023. Visualizing and formalizing the connection between the labor market and economic security of the state using VOSviewer software enabled the identification of four clusters containing 63 relevant terms. Most frequently, these categories are associated with unemployment, economic development, social and food security, employment, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the human factor. The labor market is viewed as a key indicator of socio-economic stability, and its imbalances can generate significant risks to national security.The dissertation proposes a scientific and methodical approach to assessing the state of the labor market by determining an integral indicator based on calculating the mean-square deviation across 11 indicators that cover key quantitative and qualitative characteristics.The practical application of the proposed approach made it possible to conclude that the state of the Ukrainian labor market during 2010–2021 was characterized by a general downward trend, with an average annual value of 0.615, corresponding to a satisfactory level. It indicates the insufficient efficiency and competitiveness of the national labor market, the persistence of structural imbalances in employment and wages, as well as the limited capacity of the economy to mobilize promptly and effectively utilize labor potential in response to internal and external shocks.Based on the assessment of the state’s economic security indicators, it was found that the value of the integral indicator of Ukraine’s economic security level ranged from 42% to 49%, corresponding to an unsatisfactory level. The system of indicators used to calculate the state’s economic security level includes indicators that reflect the condition and development of the labor market. These are incorporated within the following sub-indices: macroeconomic, social, investment and innovation, and demographic. The analysis of these indicators revealed that the majority are in critical or dangerous zones.A scientific and methodical approach has been developed to assess the security level of the labor market as a factor of the state's economic security. It is achieved by forming a system of interrelated indicators and their aggregation into an integral indicator using the method of weighted summation. This approach made it possible to determine the labor market's security level at various stages of its development, identify critical threats to its functioning, detect destructive trends, and justify priority areas of state policy in employment regulation aimed at strengthening national economic security, particularly under conditions of military conflict and in the post-war recovery period.The calculations show that, over the analyzed period, there was a certain periodicity in the changes of the integral indicator, and its average value remained within the unsatisfactory zone. Therefore, to support the balanced development of the labor market, it is necessary to develop a system of measures to improve its security level.To determine the regional transformation of the labor market under martial law, the study conducted a clustering of 25 administrative centers of Ukraine based on the growth rates of tax revenues to the consolidated local budgets across three types of taxes: personal income tax, single tax, and corporate profit tax for the period 2019–2024. Three groups of regions were identified using hierarchical and non-hierarchical clustering methods. The first group includes regions with high tax revenue growth rates, indicating labor market activation, tax base expansion due to business relocation, increased self-employment, and the recovery of the activity of profitable enterprises. Such regions form a fiscally resilient core and have the potential to become locomotives of post-war recovery. The second group comprises regions with moderate growth rates demonstrating relative stability in fiscal dynamics. It suggests partial adaptation to wartime conditions and maintenance of basic employment levels, but limited development of small businesses or investment activity. Such regions require incentives for entrepreneurship and fiscal capacity building. The third group consists of areas with low or negative tax revenue dynamics – mostly frontline or (de)occupied territories – where tax bases have been destroyed, economic activity collapsed, mass unemployment occurred, and losses in the microbusiness sector are significant. These regions represent fiscal risk zones and require targeted state intervention measures.The clustering of tax indicators revealed asymmetries in local budget revenue growth rates and helped identify the relationship between tax activity and the structural changes occurring in the labor market. It provides a foundation for a spatially differentiated state recovery policy.A conceptual framework for labor market development has been formulated to ensure the state's economic security. It is grounded in programmatic-strategic and regulatory-legal documents. Besides, it envisions a comprehensive approach to forming a balanced, resilient, competitive, and adaptive labor market capable of effectively responding to modern challenges and ensuring its dynamic development. This, in turn, will support the sustainable economic growth of the state and strengthen its economic security amid ongoing transformations.A route map for the balanced development of the domestic labor market to ensure national economic security has also been developed. It outlines the key challenges in labor market functioning through the lens of demographic, socio-economic, and innovation-technological factors, as well as a system of practical measures to address and mitigate identified challenges in the short-term, medium-term, and long-term perspectives. Implementing the proposed measures will contribute to improving the efficiency of the functioning of the labor market, reducing structural imbalances, expanding employment opportunities, increasing labor productivity, and ultimately strengthening the state's economic security in the face of transformational and geopolitical challenges. |
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| ردمك: | 9798265435613 |
| المصدر: | ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global |