Multi-Objective Mathematical Model for Crude Oil Terminal Scheduling with Tank Farm Operations

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Mathematics vol. 13, no. 23 (2025), p. 3817-3844
Main Author: AlMajed, Ahmad M
Other Authors: Syed, Mujahid N, Malik, Asif Iqbal
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MDPI AG
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024 7 |a 10.3390/math13233817  |2 doi 
035 |a 3280957452 
045 2 |b d20250101  |b d20251231 
084 |a 231533  |2 nlm 
100 1 |a AlMajed, Ahmad M  |u Oil Supply Planning and Scheduling, Aramco, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; ahmad.majed.1@aramco.com 
245 1 |a Multi-Objective Mathematical Model for Crude Oil Terminal Scheduling with Tank Farm Operations 
260 |b MDPI AG  |c 2025 
513 |a Journal Article 
520 3 |a A critical process underpinning the sustainability of the global economy is the reliable and efficient supply of crude oil from tank farms to international markets. The crude oil terminal serves as the central component of this process. The availability of crude oil in tank farms and the scheduling of oil carriers are key operational decisions made at the oil terminals. This study introduces a novel multi-objective mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for Crude Oil Terminal Scheduling (COTS). The model is an extension of our earlier mathematical modeling framework on COTS. The primary objective of the proposed COTS model is to enhance customer satisfaction by reducing the deviation between actual loading dates and customers’ preferred loading dates. Secondary objectives include managing crude oil inventory levels and reducing the frequency of tank service changes. The model’s results support decision-makers in both scheduling oil carriers and allocating tank storage capacities while enabling dynamic adjustments of tank operations across multiple crude oil types. To address multiple objectives, in this work, several solution approaches, namely the weighted sum (WS) approach, the hierarchical optimization (HO) approach, and the weighted Tchebycheff (WT) approach, are developed. Novel ordering and scaling methods in handling the multiple objectives for COTS using HO and WT are proposed in this paper. The validity of the proposed model and the effectiveness of its solutions are demonstrated through a numerical case study. Based on the numerical analysis, it is estimated that the Pareto-based approaches like HO and WT increase the solution time by ≈400% in the presence of four objectives. However, the Pareto approaches provide a spectrum of operational points to the decision-maker. Finally, key findings and future research paths are discussed. 
653 |a Mathematical programming 
653 |a Scheduling 
653 |a Linear programming 
653 |a Integer programming 
653 |a Petroleum industry 
653 |a Mathematical models 
653 |a Petroleum refineries 
653 |a Global economy 
653 |a Crude oil 
653 |a Genetic algorithms 
653 |a Numerical analysis 
653 |a Optimization 
653 |a Supply chains 
653 |a Mixed integer 
653 |a Multiple objective analysis 
653 |a Strategic planning 
653 |a Inventory management 
653 |a Oil consumption 
653 |a Energy consumption 
653 |a Inventory 
653 |a Efficiency 
653 |a Shipping industry 
700 1 |a Syed, Mujahid N  |u Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; smujahid@kfupm.edu.sa 
700 1 |a Malik, Asif Iqbal  |u Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; smujahid@kfupm.edu.sa 
773 0 |t Mathematics  |g vol. 13, no. 23 (2025), p. 3817-3844 
786 0 |d ProQuest  |t Engineering Database 
856 4 1 |3 Citation/Abstract  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3280957452/abstract/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text + Graphics  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3280957452/fulltextwithgraphics/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch 
856 4 0 |3 Full Text - PDF  |u https://www.proquest.com/docview/3280957452/fulltextPDF/embedded/L8HZQI7Z43R0LA5T?source=fedsrch