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Residential proximity to a lead releasing facility is associated with cognition in KHANDLE and STAR cohorts

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Xuất bản năm:Alzheimer's & Dementia vol. 21 (Dec 1, 2025)
Tác giả chính: Cockell, Scarlet M
Tác giả khác: Bakulski, Kelly M., Tsai, Ai‐Lin, Okorie, Chinomnso, Alexeeff, Stacey, Whitmer, Rachel A., Gilsanz, Paola, Conlon, Kathryn C
Được phát hành:
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Những chủ đề:
Episodic memory
Aging
Semantic memory
Residential proximity
Dementia
Race
Older people
African Americans
Cognition
Environmental aspects
Ethnicity
Time periods
Cognition & reasoning
Life
Marital status
Black white relations
Life experiences
Memory
Proximity
Sex education
Disease prevention
Semantics
Spanish language
Risk factors
Verbal memory
Neuropsychological assessment
Neighborhood
Executive function
Adults
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Bài tóm tắt:Background Environmental chemical exposures are potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. While lead is a well‐documented early life neurotoxicant, pertinent time periods for exposures and their contribution to cognition in later life requires further investigation, particularly for diverse cohorts. Method In a multi‐ethnic sample of participants from two harmonized cohorts (Kaiser Health Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE), Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans (STAR); n = 2,409), we assessed the relationships between residential proximity to a lead releasing facility, measured through the Toxics Release Inventory, with domain‐specific baseline cognition. Executive function, verbal episodic memory, and semantic memory were measured using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales. We evaluated distance to the nearest lead releasing facility as a continuous measure as well as categorically (buffers with radii of 1.5 km, 3km, 6km) two years before cognitive testing. Linear regression models were adjusted for age at cognitive testing and cohort (minimally adjusted) and further adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, and marital status (fully adjusted). Result Average age at cognitive assessment was 74 years (SD=8), 62% were female, 48% identified as Black, 17% as Asian, 14% as LatinX, and 20% as Non‐Hispanic White. The average distance between residence and lead releasing facility was 6.6 km (SD=6.3). Every 5km decrease in residential distance from a lead releasing facility was associated with ‐0.07 lower verbal episodic memory (95% CI: ‐0.04, ‐0.10) and ‐0.09 lower semantic memory (95% CI: ‐0.06, ‐0.12) scores two years later. Living within a 6km buffer of a lead releasing facility was associated with ‐0.18 lower episodic memory (95% CI: ‐0.27, ‐0.10) and ‐0.27 lower semantic memory (95% CI: ‐0.36, ‐0.19) two years later. Point estimates were attenuated in fully adjusted models (Figure 1). Conclusion Residential proximity to a lead releasing facility may be associated with poorer cognition among older adults in a diverse cohort, and comprehensive understanding of environmental factors related to dementia is a critical step to advance disease prevention.
số ISSN:1552-5260
1552-5279
DOI:10.1002/alz70860_103527
Nguồn:Consumer Health Database