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Effect of Print Orientation and Post-Curing Duration on the Flexural Strength, Flexural Modulus and Vickers Microhardness of a 3D-Printed Occlusal Splint Resin

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Publicado en:Bioengineering vol. 12, no. 12 (2025), p. 1322-1335
Autor principal: Sahin Mustafa
Otros Autores: Buyuk Suleyman Kutalmış, Simsek Huseyin, Akdoğan Tuncer, Safiyenur, Bircan, Toroglu, Mustafa Serdar
Publicado:
MDPI AG
Materias:
Mechanical properties
Modulus of rupture in bending
Thermal cycling
Resins
Clinical medicine
Surface hardness
Optimization
Polymerization
Splints
Three dimensional printing
Statistical analysis
Manufacturing
Diamond pyramid hardness
Additive manufacturing
Temporomandibular joint disorders
Polymers
Computer aided design > CAD
Orthodontics
Curing
Biocompatibility
Dentistry
Flexural strength
Acceso en línea:Citation/Abstract
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Resumen:Additive manufacturing (AM) offers precision and efficiency in occlusal splint fabrication; however, the combined influence of build orientation and post-curing duration on the mechanical performance of splint resins remains insufficiently explored. This in vitro experimental study evaluated the effects of three build orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) and three post-curing protocols (uncured, standard, and extended) on the flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM) and Vickers hardness number (VHN) of a Class IIa biocompatible occlusal splint resin (NextDent Ortho Rigid). A total of 180 specimens were fabricated using a vat polymerization-type 3D printing system. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way analyses of variance and Tukey’s tests at a significance level of α = 0.05. Both build orientation and post-curing duration significantly affected FS and VHN (p < 0.001). The combination of 45° build orientations and extended post-curing produced the highest FS (169.76 MPa) and FM (7502.17 MPa), exceeding values typically reported for 3D-printed splints, while the 90° orientation with extended curing achieved the highest VHN (21.88). Hardness gains, however, plateaued beyond standard curing, indicating a trade-off between strength and surface hardness. These results demonstrate that print orientation and post-curing time are decisive parameters in optimizing the mechanical performance of 3D-printed occlusal splints. For high-load clinical applications such as bruxism, prioritizing flexural strength over surface hardness may improve appliance longevity, supporting 45° orientation with extended curing as an evidence-based manufacturing approach.
ISSN:2306-5354
DOI:10.3390/bioengineering12121322
Fuente:Engineering Database