Low-carbon, strategy-driven techno-economic analysis of various passive measures for energy efficiency in a humid subtropical climate: a case study in Pakistan
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| Publicat a: | International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies vol. 20 (2025), p. 2076-2089 |
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| Autor principal: | |
| Altres autors: | , , , , , |
| Publicat: |
Oxford University Press
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| Matèries: | |
| Accés en línia: | Citation/Abstract Full Text - PDF |
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| Resum: | Pakistan faces critical challenges from global warming and rising energy demand, particularly for space cooling needs. This study evaluates the technical and economic performance of low- to medium-cost passive cooling/heating methods in reducing energy consumption for an educational (university) building in a subtropical climate. EnergyPlus simulations were conducted to assess individual and combined measures. Results show that adjusting temperature setpoints by ±2°C yields the highest savings, reducing cooling energy by 27% and heating energy by 62%. Green walls (GWs) and roofs also demonstrate strong performance, cutting heating demand by up to 42% and 37%, respectively, while short-wave reflectivity (SWR) reduces cooling loads but slightly increases heating demand. Combining measures further enhance performance, with the best-performing combination (C10: setpoint adjustments) achieving ~14% annual savings and C6 (SWR + louvers) reducing cooling energy by ~27%. The building’s energy use intensity is 154.71 kWh/m2/year, which exceeds the benchmarks reported for similar climate countries. Among the measures, temperature setpoint adjustment, requiring no initial investment, proves to be the most cost-effective while GWs/roofs and double glazing, though medium cost, deliver substantial long-term savings. These findings emphasize the potential of practical, scalable passive measures to reduce energy consumption and support sustainable building design in subtropical regions. |
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| ISSN: | 1748-1317 1748-1325 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/ijlct/ctaf138 |
| Font: | Science Database |