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Determination of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) along with probabilistic health risk assessment in fruit juice samples in Tehran, Iran

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Udgivet i:Environmental Science and Pollution Research vol. 30, no. 15 (Mar 2023), p. 44833
Hovedforfatter: Kargarghomsheh, Pegah
Andre forfattere: Naghashan, Mahsa, Farhadiyan, Soraya, Arabameri, Majid, Tooryan, Fahimeh, Shariatifar, Nabi
Udgivet:
Springer Nature B.V.
Fag:
Iran
Tehran Iran
Mass spectrometry
Carcinogenicity
Gas chromatography
Phthalates
Carcinogens
Drinking water
Risk assessment
Fruits
Solid phases
Fruit juices
Esters
Dioctyl phthalate
Environmental protection
Juices
Phthalic acid
Mass spectroscopy
Diethyl phthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Health risks
Environmental science
Health risk assessment
Environmental
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Resumen:In the present study, magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique were used to measure 6 PAE in fruit juice samples. The mean of total phthalic acid esters (ƩPAEs) in all samples was 3.55 ± 0.66&#xa0;µg/L. The mean concentration of DEHP (bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) in samples was 0.82 ± 0.31&#xa0;µg/L, which was lower than the mentioned United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard level in drinking water (6&#xa0;μg/L for DEHP). The pineapple juice samples (4.44 ± 0.57&#xa0;µg/L) and mango juice samples (2.77 ± 0. 1&#xa0;µg/L) had maximum and minimum mean levels of ƩPAEs, respectively. Also, results showed that brand B (3.76 ± 0.87&#xa0;µg/L) and samples in the time of expiration date (3.64 ± 0.72&#xa0;µg/L) had the highest PAE levels. The rank order Chronic Daily Intake (95%) values for adults were DEHP (5.26E-04<inline-graphic xlink:href="11356_2023_25313_Article_IEq1.gif" />) > butylbenzyl phthalates (BBP) (4.73E-04<inline-graphic xlink:href="11356_2023_25313_Article_IEq2.gif" />) > diethyl phthalate (DEP) (3.77E-04<inline-graphic xlink:href="11356_2023_25313_Article_IEq3.gif" />) and for children were DEHP (9.93E-04<inline-graphic xlink:href="11356_2023_25313_Article_IEq4.gif" />) > BBP (9.07E-04) > DEP (7.01E-04<inline-graphic xlink:href="11356_2023_25313_Article_IEq5.gif" />), which were below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) value. The noncancer risk of PAEs based on the target hazard quotient (THQ) was acceptable (< 1). The results exhibited that the Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR) was below the permissible limit (< 1E-04<inline-graphic xlink:href="11356_2023_25313_Article_IEq6.gif" />). Therefore, the risk of carcinogenicity and noncarcinogenicity of PAEs in juices does not have adverse effects on human health.
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-023-25313-0
Fuente:ABI/INFORM Global